---
title: They chanted songs and all begged for light. — Wigwam stories told by North American Indians · tree and pragmatics
description: They chanted songs and all begged for light. Who acts: animals. A sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, XIII. How Light, Fire, and Water First Came to the World, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Wigwam stories told by North American Indians, XIII. How Light, Fire, and Water First Came to the World, sentence 9

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They chanted songs and all begged for light.

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**Who acts:** animals · **What happens:** chant, beg · **To what, where:** songs, all

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This is a sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, XIII. How Light, Fire, and Water First Came to the World. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (animals), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg73136:82:9
# text = They chanted songs and all begged for light.
1	They	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	chanted	chant	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	songs	song	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
4	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
5	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	6	nsubj:pass	_	_
6	begged	beg	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	conj	_	_
7	for	for	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	light	light	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **chant** | past | animals *= animal* | songs |  |  |  |  | vn manner\_speaking-37.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent song=Topic |
| 2 | **beg** *speech: request* | participle · passive |  | all |  |  |  | for light | vn beg-58.2-1-1 «NP V NP PP.Topic»: subject=Recipient for light=Topic |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Project Gutenberg book 73136 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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