---
title: They have told him why they no longer own copper mines, but must get… — Wigwam stories told by North American Indians · tree and pragmatics
description: They have told him why they no longer own copper mines, but must get copper from the Kaidahs, a stronger tribe. Who acts: Indians. A sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, XIV. How the Copper Mountain Came to Fall, with its dependency tree and the pragmat
---

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# Wigwam stories told by North American Indians, XIV. How the Copper Mountain Came to Fall, sentence 4

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They have told him why they no longer own copper mines, but must get copper from the Kaidahs, a stronger tribe.

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**Who acts:** Indians · **What happens:** tell, mine, get · **To what, where:** Indians, priest, copper, Kaidahs · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, XIV. How the Copper Mountain Came to Fall. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Indians), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg73136:83:4
# text = They have told him why they no longer own copper mines, but must get copper from the Kaidahs, a stronger tribe.
1	They	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	have	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	told	tell	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	iobj	_	_
5	why	why	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	11	advmod	_	_
6	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	11	nsubj	_	_
7	no	no	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
8	longer	long	ADV	RBR	Degree=Cmp	9	advmod	_	_
9	own	own	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
10	copper	copper	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	compound	_	_
11	mines	mine	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
13	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
14	must	must	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	15	aux	_	_
15	get	get	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	3	parataxis	_	_
16	copper	copper	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	obj	_	_
17	from	from	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
18	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
19	Kaidahs	Kaidahs	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	15	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	23	punct	_	_
21	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	23	det	_	_
22	stronger	strong	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	23	amod	_	_
23	tribe	tribe	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **tell** *speech: assert* | present · perfect · passive |  | Indians *= indian* | priest |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: subject=Recipient he=Topic |
| 2 | **mine** |  | Indians *= indian* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **get** | must |  | copper |  | the Kaidahs |  |  | vn get-13.5.1-1 «NP V NP PP.source»: agent=Agent copper=Theme from kaidahs=Source |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Project Gutenberg book 73136 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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