---
title: He paints the smoke of the rivers with rainbows that have come and g… — Wigwam stories told by North American Indians · tree and pragmatics
description: He paints the smoke of the rivers with rainbows that have come and gone. Who acts: Sun, rainbows, rivers. A sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, XV. the Sun and the Moon, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Wigwam stories told by North American Indians, XV. the Sun and the Moon, sentence 17

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He paints the smoke of the rivers with rainbows that have come and gone.

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**Who acts:** Sun, rainbows, rivers · **What happens:** paint, come, go, smoke · **To what, where:** smoke

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This is a sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, XV. the Sun and the Moon. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Sun, rainbows, rivers), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg73136:84:17
# text = He paints the smoke of the rivers with rainbows that have come and gone.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	paints	paint	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	smoke	smoke	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	rivers	river	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nmod	_	_
8	with	with	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	rainbows	rainbow	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	nmod	_	_
10	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	12	nsubj	_	_
11	have	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	12	aux	_	_
12	come	come	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	9	acl:relcl	_	_
13	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
14	gone	go	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	12	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **paint** | present | Sun | the smoke of the rivers with rainbows |  |  |  |  | vn image\_impression-25.1 «NP V NP.destination»: agent=Agent smoke=Destination |
| 2 | **come** | present · perfect | rainbows |  |  |  |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **go** | participle | rainbows *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 4 | **smoke** |  | the rivers with rainbows |  |  |  |  |  | nom smoke «phenomenon intransitive»: of=agent |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Project Gutenberg book 73136 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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