---
title: The Indians claim that the strange plant that is now found on the Cu… — Wigwam stories told by North American Indians · tree and pragmatics
description: The Indians claim that the strange plant that is now found on the Custer battle ground has been created by some spirit which knew of the mighty courage of the white brave with yellow hair. Who acts: Indians, spirit. A sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd
---

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# Wigwam stories told by North American Indians, XVI. Custer’s Heart, sentence 4

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The Indians claim that the strange plant that is now found on the Custer battle ground has been created by some spirit which knew of the mighty courage of the white brave with yellow hair.

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**Who acts:** Indians, spirit · **What happens:** claim, find, create, know · **To what, where:** strange plant, Custer battle ground · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, XVI. Custer’s Heart. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Indians, spirit), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg73136:85:4
# text = The Indians claim that the strange plant that is now found on the Custer battle ground has been created by some spirit which knew of the mighty courage of the white brave with yellow hair.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	Indians	Indian	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	claim	claim	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	19	mark	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	strange	strange	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	plant	plant	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	nsubj:pass	_	_
8	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	11	nsubj:pass	_	_
9	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	11	aux:pass	_	_
10	now	now	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	11	advmod	_	_
11	found	find	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	7	acl:relcl	_	_
12	on	on	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
14	Custer	Custer	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	16	compound	_	_
15	battle	battle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	compound	_	_
16	ground	ground	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obl	_	_
17	has	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	19	aux	_	_
18	been	be	AUX	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	19	aux:pass	_	_
19	created	create	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	ccomp	_	_
20	by	by	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
21	some	some	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	22	det	_	_
22	spirit	spirit	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	obl	_	_
23	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	24	nsubj	_	_
24	knew	know	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	22	acl:relcl	_	_
25	of	of	ADP	IN	_	28	case	_	_
26	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	28	det	_	_
27	mighty	mighty	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	28	amod	_	_
28	courage	courage	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	24	obl	_	_
29	of	of	SCONJ	IN	_	32	mark	_	_
30	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	32	det	_	_
31	white	white	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	32	amod	_	_
32	brave	brave	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	28	acl	_	_
33	with	with	ADP	IN	_	35	case	_	_
34	yellow	yellow	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	35	amod	_	_
35	hair	hair	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	32	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
36	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **claim** *speech: other* | present | the Indians |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **find** | present · passive |  | the strange plant |  | the Custer battle ground | now |  | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: subject=Topic |
| 3 | **create** | present · perfect · passive | some spirit | the strange plant |  |  |  |  | vn create-26.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Result |
| 4 | **know** | past | some spirit |  |  |  |  | of the mighty courage | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V PP.stimulus»: agent=Experiencer of courage=Stimulus |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Project Gutenberg book 73136 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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