--- title: Key to Marks of Pronunciation — Wigwam stories told by North American Indians · full text with trees description: Key to Marks of Pronunciation, «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd: the whole chapter, every sentence with its dependency tree and pragmatics. It begins: a: fāte, făt, câre, ärm, a̤ll, pȧss, whạt. e: mēte, mĕt, whêre, hẽr, the̱y. i: dīne, dĭn. o: nōte, nŏt, fôr, do --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg73136/86/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [tales](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/) / [Wigwam stories told by North American…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg73136/) / Key to Marks of Pronunciation # Key to Marks of Pronunciation Key to Marks of Pronunciation of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd: the whole text, 175 sentences and 1634 words. The small number after every sentence leads to its own page with its syntax tree and pragmatics, parsed by Mova itself. a: fāte, făt, câre, ärm, a̤ll, pȧss, whạt. e: mēte, mĕt, whêre, hẽr, the̱y. i: dīne, dĭn. o: nōte, nŏt, fôr, do̤, sȯn, wọlf. u: tūbe, tŭb, tûrn, rṳde, pụsh. oo: so͞on, go͝od. obscure sounds: a̯, e̯, i̯, o̯, u̯. c unmarked or ꞓ as in ꞓan. s unmarked or s̞ as in ros̞e.[1](1/ "tree and pragmatics") Silent letters indicated by italics, as a in head.[2](2/ "tree and pragmatics") Ăz′tĕꞓ Căl′ĭ fôr′nĭ a̯ Cā nŏn′i̯ ꞓŭs Champlain (shăm plān′) Chĕr ō ke͞e′ Chĭb′ĭ ä bōs′ Chŏk′ȧn ĭ pŏk Dĕl′a̯ wâre Ĕsh kŏs′sĭm Flăt′hĕad Gĕn e̯ se͞e′ Ī′e̯ tȧn Kȧ bĭb o nōk′kȧ Kē′neū Kē′we͞e na̤w Kĭꞓk a̯ po͞o′ Kĭ măn′che͞e Kī′o̯ wȧ Kwä′sĭnd Louisiana (lo͞o′ē zē ä′na̯) Măs′sä soit Mĕn dō′tȧ Mī′ăn tō nō′mo̯h Mĭs sä′bȧ Nä′nä bụsh Nătch′ĕz Nē nē mō′she͞e Ŏn ŏn dä′gä Ō pē′che͞e Săm′ō sĕt Sĕn′e̯ ꞓa̯ Shĭn′gē bĭs Skĭ kĕl′lĭng Squän′tō Tä ꞓō′mä Tähl ē quäh′ T chä′kō be͞ech Tē ꞓŭm′se̯h To͞on kän′ Ŭnk tä′hē Wä bōse′ Wäh bē gwän′ne͞e Wä păk′ō Wĭn nĭ wĭs′sĭ Yăn′nȧ[3](3/ "tree and pragmatics") GLOSSARY[4](4/ "tree and pragmatics") Ā dō′ be̱.[5](5/ "tree and pragmatics") Sun-dried brick used by the Indians and others in the southwestern part of the United States in the making of walls and huts.[6](6/ "tree and pragmatics") Ăl gŏn′ quin (kĭn).[7](7/ "tree and pragmatics") A very large division of the North American Indians, including Ojibways, Delawares, Pottawottomi, Blackfeet, New England tribes, and some other branches.[8](8/ "tree and pragmatics") They were the friends of the French in the early colonial wars, and often the enemy of the Iroquois.[9](9/ "tree and pragmatics") Ăm pā′ ta.[10](10/ "tree and pragmatics") The name of a squaw.[11](11/ "tree and pragmatics") A păch′ ē.[12](12/ "tree and pragmatics") A warlike western tribe, related to the Tennay.[13](13/ "tree and pragmatics") Many of the Apaches were sent to a reservation in Arizona in 1874.[14](14/ "tree and pragmatics") Căl′ u met.[15](15/ "tree and pragmatics") French name for pipe of peace.[16](16/ "tree and pragmatics") Car′ i bo̤u.[17](17/ "tree and pragmatics") American woodland reindeer, the flesh of which is excellent meat.[18](18/ "tree and pragmatics") Cayuga (Kā yü′gä).[19](19/ "tree and pragmatics") “The people of the marsh”; a tribe which once lived at the foot of Cayuga Lake, N.[20](20/ "tree and pragmatics") Y.; they are now living upon reservations in Indian Territory, Wisconsin, and Ontario, Can.[21](21/ "tree and pragmatics") Cayuse (kī ūse′).[22](22/ "tree and pragmatics") Indian pony, formerly used by the Cayuse Indians of the northern Rocky Mountains.[23](23/ "tree and pragmatics") Chaska (Shăs′ ka).[24](24/ "tree and pragmatics") First son of a Dakota Indian.[25](25/ "tree and pragmatics") Chĭp′ pe wa. The Ojibway nation.[26](26/ "tree and pragmatics") Dā kō′ tȧ.[27](27/ "tree and pragmatics") This name means “united.”[28](28/ "tree and pragmatics") The Dakotas were strong tribes and were called The Seven Council Fires.[29](29/ "tree and pragmatics") Their home was in Montana, North and South Dakota, Minnesota, and the Northwest Territory.[30](30/ "tree and pragmatics") They belong to the Sioux nation.[31](31/ "tree and pragmatics") Ĕs tu′ fä.[32](32/ "tree and pragmatics") Spanish name for the kiva, or secret room; also the family room in Zuñi houses.[33](33/ "tree and pragmatics") Gitch′ ee Gu′ mee.[34](34/ "tree and pragmatics") Indian name for Lake Superior, the Big Sea Water.[35](35/ "tree and pragmatics") Hăn năn′ nä.[36](36/ "tree and pragmatics") The dawn, or morning light.[37](37/ "tree and pragmatics") Hī′ ȧ quȧ.[38](38/ "tree and pragmatics") Siwash shell money, made of tusk shells; not wampum.[39](39/ "tree and pragmatics") Hī a wäth′ a. A wonderful personage, still much honored by the Iroquois.[40](40/ "tree and pragmatics") He was very dignified, very wise, and believed to be more than mortal.[41](41/ "tree and pragmatics") There are no stories of his childhood.[42](42/ "tree and pragmatics") Hi′ nun.[43](43/ "tree and pragmatics") The spirit believed by the Senecas to rule the clouds and air.[44](44/ "tree and pragmatics") I̤ ä go͞o.[45](45/ "tree and pragmatics") The boaster, the story-teller.[46](46/ "tree and pragmatics") Iroquois (Ir′ o quoy).[47](47/ "tree and pragmatics") The French name for the united tribes of central New York.[48](48/ "tree and pragmatics") The Iroquois were the friends of the English in 1775.[49](49/ "tree and pragmatics") They are a division by themselves, akin to the Sioux.[50](50/ "tree and pragmatics") Käcluge (Ka cloozh′).[51](51/ "tree and pragmatics") The Navajo butterfly spirit.[52](52/ "tree and pragmatics") Kāi′ dah.[53](53/ "tree and pragmatics") A Canadian tribe.[54](54/ "tree and pragmatics") Kiva (kee′ vah).[55](55/ "tree and pragmatics") The secret room or sweat-house of the Pueblos.[56](56/ "tree and pragmatics") The priests of the tribe use these kivas in giving instructions in the secret rites of their religious orders to the young men of the tribe.[57](57/ "tree and pragmatics") Leel′ i naw.[58](58/ "tree and pragmatics") An Indian girl who became a tree, according to a Lake Superior myth.[59](59/ "tree and pragmatics") Len i Len napes′.[60](60/ "tree and pragmatics") One of the Algonquin tribes.[61](61/ "tree and pragmatics") They were called Loups, or Wolves, by the French, as their chief totem was the wolf.[62](62/ "tree and pragmatics") The English called them Delawares, for they found them near the Delaware River.[63](63/ "tree and pragmatics") Their chiefs were celebrated for their wisdom.[64](64/ "tree and pragmatics") Their name is sometimes spelled Leni-Lenapes.[65](65/ "tree and pragmatics") Lodge.[66](66/ "tree and pragmatics") An English name for a wigwam, teepee, or other dwelling built by Indians.[67](67/ "tree and pragmatics") Mah′ to.[68](68/ "tree and pragmatics") The white bear.[69](69/ "tree and pragmatics") Man′ i tou.[70](70/ "tree and pragmatics") A spirit, whether good or evil.[71](71/ "tree and pragmatics") All created things were once believed by some tribes to have their manitous which lived in them.[72](72/ "tree and pragmatics") The Great Manitou ruled over all of them.[73](73/ "tree and pragmatics") An Algonquin word not used by other nations.[74](74/ "tree and pragmatics") Mechabo (Me sha′ bo).[75](75/ "tree and pragmatics") Another French form of the name of the Ojibway Foolish One.[76](76/ "tree and pragmatics") Also spelled Missaba, Mesaba; and there are some other similar forms.[77](77/ "tree and pragmatics") The Ojibways also give him a name which means the Great Hare.[78](78/ "tree and pragmatics") Mē maing′ gwah.[79](79/ "tree and pragmatics") The butterfly.[80](80/ "tree and pragmatics") Men a bō′ zhō.[81](81/ "tree and pragmatics") The French form of the name of the Foolish One of the Ojibways.[82](82/ "tree and pragmatics") He was believed to be the creator of the land after the deluge, and ruler of all creatures upon it.[83](83/ "tree and pragmatics") He is constantly doing many tricks to annoy the water manitous, who annoy him in return.[84](84/ "tree and pragmatics") The land creatures often attempt to outwit him; many humorous stories told of him by the Ojibways have become famous as a part of the story of Hiawatha.[85](85/ "tree and pragmatics") Me̱′ sä.[86](86/ "tree and pragmatics") Spanish name for a broad, flat river-terrace or tableland.[87](87/ "tree and pragmatics") Me tik′ o mēēsh.[88](88/ "tree and pragmatics") The oak tree.[89](89/ "tree and pragmatics") Min ne hä′ hä Falls.[90](90/ "tree and pragmatics") A cascade sixty feet high in Minnehaha Creek, near Minneapolis, Minn.[91](91/ "tree and pragmatics") Mo′ hawks.[92](92/ "tree and pragmatics") A tribe which lived in northern New York.[93](93/ "tree and pragmatics") Their name is derived from Mukwa, meaning “bear.”[94](94/ "tree and pragmatics") They were the first tribe to use firearms.[95](95/ "tree and pragmatics") Moki or Moqui (Mō′ kee).[96](96/ "tree and pragmatics") A tribe of the Pueblos.[97](97/ "tree and pragmatics") The United States government has recently decided to use the form Moki instead of Moqui.[98](98/ "tree and pragmatics") Their true name is Hōpitah, or People of Peace.[99](99/ "tree and pragmatics") Many call them the Hōpi.[100](100/ "tree and pragmatics") Moki is a Navajo word of reproach.[101](101/ "tree and pragmatics") Mŭk′ wa. The bear.[102](102/ "tree and pragmatics") Navajo (Nä′ vä hō).[103](103/ "tree and pragmatics") Spanish name for the Tennay, a very intelligent tribe of North American Indians now living on reservations in Utah, New Mexico, and Arizona.[104](104/ "tree and pragmatics") Nĭb a năb′ as.[105](105/ "tree and pragmatics") Little water spirits, so called by the Chippewas.[106](106/ "tree and pragmatics") No kō′ mis.[107](107/ "tree and pragmatics") Chippewa word, meaning “grandmother.”[108](108/ "tree and pragmatics") O jib′ ways.[109](109/ "tree and pragmatics") The Chippewa Indians.[110](110/ "tree and pragmatics") They are a strong tribe of the Algonquins, who, with others, have been driven by the wars with the Iroquois to the regions about Lake Superior.[111](111/ "tree and pragmatics") Many live on reservations in Minnesota and Wisconsin.[112](112/ "tree and pragmatics") From the Ojibways and other Algonquin tribes the whites learned to make maple sugar, hominy, and corn cake.[113](113/ "tree and pragmatics") They have for generations raised corn, beans, and pumpkins.[114](114/ "tree and pragmatics") Olla (ol′ la or ol′ ya).[115](115/ "tree and pragmatics") Spanish name for the earthenware water jar commonly used in the southwestern part of the United States by Indians and others for the cooling of water.[116](116/ "tree and pragmatics") Oneidas (O nī′ das).[117](117/ "tree and pragmatics") One tribe of the Iroquois.[118](118/ "tree and pragmatics") Paw nee′.[119](119/ "tree and pragmatics") Indian tribe always at war with the Sioux; now living in Indian Territory.[120](120/ "tree and pragmatics") Pē bō′ an.[121](121/ "tree and pragmatics") The manitou of winter.[122](122/ "tree and pragmatics") Pu eb′ lo.[123](123/ "tree and pragmatics") Spanish name for village.[124](124/ "tree and pragmatics") Puk wud jin′ nies.[125](125/ "tree and pragmatics") Fairies in the woods.[126](126/ "tree and pragmatics") Sault Ste.[127](127/ "tree and pragmatics") Marie (Soo′ sent mä ree′).[128](128/ "tree and pragmatics") French name for the river which connects Lake Superior and Lake Huron.[129](129/ "tree and pragmatics") Sē′ gun.[130](130/ "tree and pragmatics") The manitou of summer and spring.[131](131/ "tree and pragmatics") Se-quoy′ ah.[132](132/ "tree and pragmatics") Guesser, a famous Cherokee Indian.[133](133/ "tree and pragmatics") Shaw on dä′ see.[134](134/ "tree and pragmatics") The south wind.[135](135/ "tree and pragmatics") Sioux (Soo).[136](136/ "tree and pragmatics") The French name for the people called by the Algonquins nadiwe-ssiwag, or the treacherous ones, from their manner of warfare.[137](137/ "tree and pragmatics") The Sioux nation comprised the Dakota and Assiniboin tribes; those Indians living in the middle west of the United States from the Rocky Mountains to the Mississippi River; and also many tribes in Virginia, Kentucky, North and South Carolina, and Mississippi.[138](138/ "tree and pragmatics") They are noted for bravery and intelligence.[139](139/ "tree and pragmatics") Sī′ wash.[140](140/ "tree and pragmatics") Sauvage.[141](141/ "tree and pragmatics") Indians living near Puget Sound and northward.[142](142/ "tree and pragmatics") Suc′ co tash.[143](143/ "tree and pragmatics") Indian corn and beans cooked in one dish.[144](144/ "tree and pragmatics") Tä män′ ous.[145](145/ "tree and pragmatics") Siwash word for guardian spirit.[146](146/ "tree and pragmatics") Tee′ pee.[147](147/ "tree and pragmatics") Indian circular house or tent made of poles covered with skins or cloth.[148](148/ "tree and pragmatics") Ten′ nay.[149](149/ "tree and pragmatics") See Apache and Navajo.[150](150/ "tree and pragmatics") Ti ō′ ta.[151](151/ "tree and pragmatics") A lake in central New York.[152](152/ "tree and pragmatics") Tom′ a hawk.[153](153/ "tree and pragmatics") An Indian battle ax.[154](154/ "tree and pragmatics") Tŭs ca ro′ ras.[155](155/ "tree and pragmatics") A tribe from North Carolina which joined the Iroquois in 1712.[156](156/ "tree and pragmatics") They now live upon a reservation in western New York, near Niagara Falls, and are noted for their fine farms, schools, and churches.[157](157/ "tree and pragmatics") Wä bas′ so.[158](158/ "tree and pragmatics") The Chippewa word for rabbit.[159](159/ "tree and pragmatics") Wau bē′ sē.[160](160/ "tree and pragmatics") The wild swan.[161](161/ "tree and pragmatics") Wee′ di goes.[162](162/ "tree and pragmatics") Mythical giants.[163](163/ "tree and pragmatics") A Chippewa word.[164](164/ "tree and pragmatics") Wick′ i up.[165](165/ "tree and pragmatics") A brushwood tent-like house used by the Apaches and other roving tribes.[166](166/ "tree and pragmatics") It is made of short poles or brush bent over, fastened together, and covered hastily with skins, blankets, or other covering.[167](167/ "tree and pragmatics") It is never carried from place to place as the teepee and wigwam are by other tribes.[168](168/ "tree and pragmatics") Wig′ wam.[169](169/ "tree and pragmatics") A circular tent-like house made of birch bark or other bark by the New England tribes and others.[170](170/ "tree and pragmatics") It is easily rolled and carried from place to place.[171](171/ "tree and pragmatics") Zuñi (Zoon′ ye).[172](172/ "tree and pragmatics") A semi-civilized Pueblo tribe, perhaps the best known of any of the Village Indians of the United States.[173](173/ "tree and pragmatics") They have a governor and lieutenant-governor of their own; good laws, good farms, and are a remarkable people.[174](174/ "tree and pragmatics") Very few of them can understand English.[175](175/ "tree and pragmatics") - ← previous: [XVI. Custer’s Heart](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg73136/85/) - next →: [Pronouncing Vocabulary of Words Not Found in the Glossary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg73136/87/) - ↑ back to [Wigwam stories told by North American Indians](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg73136/)