---
title: They now live upon a reservation in western New York, near Niagara F… — Wigwam stories told by North American Indians · tree and pragmatics
description: They now live upon a reservation in western New York, near Niagara Falls, and are noted for their fine farms, schools, and churches. Who acts: tribes. A sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Key to Marks of Pronunciation, with its dependency tree and the
---

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# Wigwam stories told by North American Indians, Key to Marks of Pronunciation, sentence 157

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They now live upon a reservation in western New York, near Niagara Falls, and are noted for their fine farms, schools, and churches.

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**Who acts:** tribes · **What happens:** live, note · **To what, where:** western New York

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This is a sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Key to Marks of Pronunciation. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (tribes), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg73136:86:157
# text = They now live upon a reservation in western New York, near Niagara Falls, and are noted for their fine farms, schools, and churches.
1	They	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	now	now	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	3	advmod	_	_
3	live	live	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	reservation	reservation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
8	western	western	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
9	New	New	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	10	flat	_	_
10	York	York	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
12	near	near	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	Niagara	Niagara	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	14	compound	_	_
14	Falls	Falls	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
16	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	18	cc	_	_
17	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	18	aux:pass	_	_
18	noted	note	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	parataxis	_	_
19	for	for	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
20	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	22	nmod:poss	_	_
21	fine	fine	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	22	amod	_	_
22	farms	farm	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	18	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	24	punct	_	_
24	schools	school	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	22	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	27	punct	_	_
26	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	27	cc	_	_
27	churches	church	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	22	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **live** | present | tribes *= tribe* |  |  | western New York | now | upon a reservation; near Niagara Falls | vn lodge-46 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in york=Location |
| 2 | **note** | present · passive |  |  |  |  |  | for tribes's fine farms and schools and churches | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S» |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Project Gutenberg book 73136 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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