---
title: Indian pony, formerly used by the Cayuse Indians of the northern Roc… — Wigwam stories told by North American Indians · tree and pragmatics
description: Indian pony, formerly used by the Cayuse Indians of the northern Rocky Mountains. A sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Key to Marks of Pronunciation, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Wigwam stories told by North American Indians, Key to Marks of Pronunciation, sentence 23

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Indian pony, formerly used by the Cayuse Indians of the northern Rocky Mountains.

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**What happens:** use · **To what, where:** Indian pony

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This is a sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Key to Marks of Pronunciation. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg73136:86:23
# text = Indian pony, formerly used by the Cayuse Indians of the northern Rocky Mountains.
1	Indian	Indian	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	pony	pony	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
4	formerly	formerly	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
5	used	use	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	acl	_	_
6	by	by	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	Cayuse	Cayuse	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	compound	_	_
9	Indians	Indian	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	5	obl	_	_
10	of	of	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
12	northern	northern	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	amod	_	_
13	Rocky	Rocky	PROPN	NNP	_	14	compound	_	_
14	Mountains	Mountain	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	9	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **use** | participle |  | Indian pony *not said here* |  |  |  | by the Cayuse Indians of the northern Rocky Mountains; formerly *property* | vn eat-39.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Project Gutenberg book 73136 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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