---
title: The priests of the tribe use these kivas in giving instructions in t… — Wigwam stories told by North American Indians · tree and pragmatics
description: The priests of the tribe use these kivas in giving instructions in the secret rites of their religious orders to the young men of the tribe. Who acts: priests. A sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Key to Marks of Pronunciation, with its dependency tre
---

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# Wigwam stories told by North American Indians, Key to Marks of Pronunciation, sentence 57

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The priests of the tribe use these kivas in giving instructions in the secret rites of their religious orders to the young men of the tribe.

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**Who acts:** priests · **What happens:** use, give, order · **To what, where:** kivas, instructions, young men, secret rites

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This is a sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Key to Marks of Pronunciation. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (priests), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg73136:86:57
# text = The priests of the tribe use these kivas in giving instructions in the secret rites of their religious orders to the young men of the tribe.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	priests	priest	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nsubj	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	tribe	tribe	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
6	use	use	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	these	this	DET	DT	Number=Plur|PronType=Dem	8	det	_	_
8	kivas	kiva	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obj	_	_
9	in	in	SCONJ	IN	_	10	mark	_	_
10	giving	give	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	6	advcl	_	_
11	instructions	instruction	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	obj	_	_
12	in	in	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
14	secret	secret	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	amod	_	_
15	rites	rite	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	obl	_	_
16	of	of	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
17	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	19	nmod:poss	_	_
18	religious	religious	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	19	amod	_	_
19	orders	order	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	15	nmod	_	_
20	to	to	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
21	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	23	det	_	_
22	young	young	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	23	amod	_	_
23	men	man	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	obl	_	_
24	of	of	ADP	IN	_	26	case	_	_
25	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	26	det	_	_
26	tribe	tribe	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	23	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **use** | infinitive | the priests of the tribe | this kivas |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent kiva=Patient |
| 2 | **give** | gerund | the priests of the tribe *not said here* | instructions | the young men of the tribe | the secret rites of priests's religious orders |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent instruction=Theme to man=Recipient |
| 3 | **order** |  | priests *= priest* |  |  |  |  |  | nom order «communication transitive»: poss=agent |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Project Gutenberg book 73136 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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