---
title: They were called Loups, or Wolves, by the French, as their chief tot… — Wigwam stories told by North American Indians · tree and pragmatics
description: They were called Loups, or Wolves, by the French, as their chief totem was the wolf. Who acts: French, chief totem. A sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Key to Marks of Pronunciation, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Wigwam stories told by North American Indians, Key to Marks of Pronunciation, sentence 62

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They were called Loups, or Wolves, by the French, as their chief totem was the wolf.

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**Who acts:** French, chief totem · **What happens:** call, be · **To what, where:** tribes · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Key to Marks of Pronunciation. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (French, chief totem), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg73136:86:62
# text = They were called Loups, or Wolves, by the French, as their chief totem was the wolf.
1	They	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux:pass	_	_
3	called	call	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	Loups	Loups	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
6	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	Wolves	wolf	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
9	by	by	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	French	French	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	_
13	as	as	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
14	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	16	nmod:poss	_	_
15	chief	chief	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	16	amod	_	_
16	totem	totem	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	nsubj	_	_
17	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	19	cop	_	_
18	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
19	wolf	wolf	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **call** | past · passive | the French | tribes *= tribe* |  |  |  | Loups *xcomp*; Wolves *xcomp* | vn initiate\_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent subject=Recipient |
| 2 | **is** | past | tribes's chief totem |  |  |  |  | as the wolf | tree rules |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Project Gutenberg book 73136 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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