---
title: All created things were once believed by some tribes to have their m… — Wigwam stories told by North American Indians · tree and pragmatics
description: All created things were once believed by some tribes to have their manitous which lived in them. Who acts: tribes. A sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Key to Marks of Pronunciation, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Wigwam stories told by North American Indians, Key to Marks of Pronunciation, sentence 72

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All created things were once believed by some tribes to have their manitous which lived in them.

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**Who acts:** tribes · **What happens:** believe, have, live · **To what, where:** created things · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Key to Marks of Pronunciation. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (tribes), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg73136:86:72
# text = All created things were once believed by some tribes to have their manitous which lived in them.
1	All	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	3	det	_	_
2	created	created	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	things	thing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nsubj:pass	_	_
4	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	aux:pass	_	_
5	once	once	ADV	RB	NumForm=Word|NumType=Mult	6	advmod	_	_
6	believed	believe	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
7	by	by	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	some	some	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	9	det	_	_
9	tribes	tribe	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obl	_	_
10	to	to	PART	TO	_	11	mark	_	_
11	have	have	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	ccomp	_	_
12	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	13	nmod:poss	_	_
13	manitous	manitous	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	xcomp	_	_
14	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	15	nsubj	_	_
15	lived	live	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	13	acl:relcl	_	_
16	in	in	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
17	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	15	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **believe** | past · passive | some tribes | all created things |  |  |  | once *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **have** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  | manitous *property* | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **live** | past |  |  |  |  |  | in things *= thing*; which *nsubj* | vn lodge-46 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in they=Location |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Project Gutenberg book 73136 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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