---
title: They were the friends of the French in the early colonial wars, and… — Wigwam stories told by North American Indians · tree and pragmatics
description: They were the friends of the French in the early colonial wars, and often the enemy of the Iroquois. Who acts: Indians. A sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Key to Marks of Pronunciation, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Wigwam stories told by North American Indians, Key to Marks of Pronunciation, sentence 9

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They were the friends of the French in the early colonial wars, and often the enemy of the Iroquois.

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**Who acts:** Indians · **What happens:** be · **To what, where:** friends, early colonial wars

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This is a sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Key to Marks of Pronunciation. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Indians), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg73136:86:9
# text = They were the friends of the French in the early colonial wars, and often the enemy of the Iroquois.
1	They	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
2	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	friends	friend	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	French	French	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	_
8	in	in	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
10	early	early	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
11	colonial	colonial	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
12	wars	war	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
14	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	_
15	often	often	ADV	RB	_	17	advmod	_	_
16	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	enemy	enemy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	conj	_	_
18	of	of	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
19	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
20	Iroquois	Iroquois	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	17	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past | Indians *= indian* | the friends and the enemy of the Iroquois |  | the early colonial wars |  | of the French; the enemy of the Iroquois *conj* | tree rules |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Project Gutenberg book 73136 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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