---
title: History has shown how faithfully these red men kept their pledge wit… — Wigwam stories told by North American Indians · tree and pragmatics
description: History has shown how faithfully these red men kept their pledge with the Quakers. Who acts: red men, men. A sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Wampum Money, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

<!-- md -->
[Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg73136/9/12/)

<!-- crumbs -->
[home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [tales](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/) / [Wigwam stories told by North American…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg73136/) / [Wampum Money](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg73136/9/) / 12

# Wigwam stories told by North American Indians, Wampum Money, sentence 12

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
History has shown how faithfully these red men kept their pledge with the Quakers.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** red men, men · **What happens:** show, keep, pledge · **To what, where:** History, pledge

<!-- .vabout -->
This is a sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Wampum Money. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (red men, men), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

<!-- .note-en -->
**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg73136:9:12
# text = History has shown how faithfully these red men kept their pledge with the Quakers.
1	History	history	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	has	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	shown	show	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	how	how	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	5	advmod	_	_
5	faithfully	faithfully	ADV	RB	_	9	advmod	_	_
6	these	this	DET	DT	Number=Plur|PronType=Dem	8	det	_	_
7	red	red	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	men	man	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	nsubj	_	_
9	kept	keep	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	advcl	_	_
10	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	11	nmod:poss	_	_
11	pledge	pledge	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obj	_	_
12	with	with	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	Quakers	Quaker	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	9	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **show** | present · perfect · passive |  | History |  |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: subject=Recipient |
| 2 | **keep** | past | this red men | men's pledge |  |  |  | with the Quakers; faithfully *property* | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent pledge=Theme |
| 3 | **pledge** |  | men *= man* |  |  |  |  |  | nom pledge «possession transitive»: poss=agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Project Gutenberg book 73136 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
- ← previous: [sentence 11](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg73136/9/11/)
- next →: [sentence 13](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg73136/9/13/)
- ↑ back to [Wampum Money](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg73136/9/)