---
title: These may mean the original thirteen colonies and the people who wer… — Wigwam stories told by North American Indians · tree and pragmatics
description: These may mean the original thirteen colonies and the people who were the speakers at the time of the treaty. Who acts: These, people. A sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Wampum Money, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Wigwam stories told by North American Indians, Wampum Money, sentence 21

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These may mean the original thirteen colonies and the people who were the speakers at the time of the treaty.

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**Who acts:** These, people · **What happens:** mean, be · **To what, where:** original thirteen colonies, speakers

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This is a sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Wampum Money. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (These, people), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg73136:9:21
# text = These may mean the original thirteen colonies and the people who were the speakers at the time of the treaty.
1	These	this	PRON	DT	Number=Plur|PronType=Dem	3	nsubj	_	_
2	may	may	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	mean	mean	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
5	original	original	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
6	thirteen	thirteen	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
7	colonies	colony	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	conj	_	_
11	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	14	nsubj	_	_
12	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	14	cop	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	speakers	speaker	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	acl:relcl	_	_
15	at	at	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
16	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	time	time	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
18	of	of	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
19	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
20	treaty	treaty	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | may | These | the original thirteen colonies and the people |  |  | time |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent colony=Topic |
| 2 | **is a** | past | the people | the speakers |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Project Gutenberg book 73136 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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