---
title: The chiefs of the Iroquois, while mourning a chief’s death, wore str… — Wigwam stories told by North American Indians · tree and pragmatics
description: The chiefs of the Iroquois, while mourning a chief’s death, wore strings of black wampum. Who acts: Iroquois, chiefs, chief. A sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Wampum Money, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Wigwam stories told by North American Indians, Wampum Money, sentence 30

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The chiefs of the Iroquois, while mourning a chief’s death, wore strings of black wampum.

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**Who acts:** Iroquois, chiefs, chief · **What happens:** mourn, wear, die · **To what, where:** death, strings

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This is a sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Wampum Money. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Iroquois, chiefs, chief), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg73136:9:30
# text = The chiefs of the Iroquois, while mourning a chief’s death, wore strings of black wampum.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	chiefs	chief	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	14	nsubj	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	Iroquois	Iroquois	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
7	while	while	SCONJ	IN	_	8	mark	_	_
8	mourning	mourn	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	5	acl	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	chief	chief	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	’s	's	PART	POS	_	10	case	_	_
12	death	death	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
14	wore	wear	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
15	strings	string	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	14	obj	_	_
16	of	of	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
17	black	black	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	18	amod	_	_
18	wampum	wampum	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	14	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mourn** | gerund | the Iroquois *not said here* | a chief's death |  |  |  |  | vn admire-31.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer death=Stimulus |
| 2 | **wear** | past | the chiefs of the Iroquois | strings of black wampum |  |  |  |  | vn wipe\_manner-10.4.1-1 «NP V NP.source»: agent=Agent string=Source |
| 3 | **die** |  | a chief |  |  |  |  |  | nom death «event intransitive»: poss=agent |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Project Gutenberg book 73136 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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