---
title: Dark-colored parts of the shells from which the beads were made were… — Wigwam stories told by North American Indians · tree and pragmatics
description: Dark-colored parts of the shells from which the beads were made were called black, but they were really dark shades of purple. Who acts: beads. A sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Wampum Money, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every cla
---

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# Wigwam stories told by North American Indians, Wampum Money, sentence 6

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Dark-colored parts of the shells from which the beads were made were called black, but they were really dark shades of purple.

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**Who acts:** beads · **What happens:** color, make, call, be · **To what, where:** beads, shells, colored parts, dark shades · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Wampum Money. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (beads), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg73136:9:6
# text = Dark-colored parts of the shells from which the beads were made were called black, but they were really dark shades of purple.
1	Dark	dark	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	1	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	colored	color	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	amod	_	_
4	parts	part	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	15	nsubj:pass	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	shells	shell	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nmod	_	_
8	from	from	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	13	obl	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	beads	bead	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	13	nsubj:pass	_	_
12	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	13	aux:pass	_	_
13	made	make	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	7	acl:relcl	_	_
14	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	15	aux:pass	_	_
15	called	call	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
16	black	black	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	23	punct	_	_
18	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	23	cc	_	_
19	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	23	nsubj	_	_
20	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	23	cop	_	_
21	really	really	ADV	RB	_	22	advmod	_	_
22	dark	dark	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	23	amod	_	_
23	shades	shade	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	15	obl	_	_
24	of	of	ADP	IN	_	25	case	_	_
25	purple	purple	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	23	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	15	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **color** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn coloring-24 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **make** | past · passive |  | the beads |  | the shells |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V PP»: subject=Product from which=Material |
| 3 | **call** | past · passive |  | colored parts of the shells |  |  |  | black *property* | vn initiate\_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: subject=Recipient |
| 4 | **is a** | past | beads *= bead* | dark shades |  |  |  | of purple | tree rules |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Project Gutenberg book 73136 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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