---
title: The name of the village was Poho-areare, or “pigeon breasted,” after… — Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury,… · tree and pragmatics
description: The name of the village was Poho-areare, or “pigeon breasted,” after some chief of those days, and it was because of its situation, the outermost _Kainga_ of the Plains and swamp dwellers, commanding the passage down the Heathcote to the sea, that the river became known as the stream of “The Outpost
---

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# Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury, New Zealand, The Port Hills and Their Names., sentence 100

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The name of the village was Poho-areare, or “pigeon breasted,” after some chief of those days, and it was because of its situation, the outermost \_Kainga\_ of the Plains and swamp dwellers, commanding the passage down the Heathcote to the sea, that the river became known as the stream of “The Outpost.”

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**Who acts:** name, pigeon, river · **What happens:** be, breast, command, become, know, name · **To what, where:** Poho areare, passage, village · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury, New Zealand» by James Cowan, The Port Hills and Their Names.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (name, pigeon, river), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg73766:10:100
# text = The name of the village was Poho-areare, or “pigeon breasted,” after some chief of those days, and it was because of its situation, the outermost _Kainga_ of the Plains and swamp dwellers, commanding the passage down the Heathcote to the sea, that the river became known as the stream of “The Outpost.”
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	name	name	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	village	village	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
6	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	9	cop	_	_
7	Poho	Poho	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	9	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	areare	areare	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
11	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
12	“	"	PUNCT	``	_	14	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	pigeon	pigeon	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	nsubj	_	_
14	breasted	breast	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	9	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	”	"	PUNCT	''	_	14	punct	_	_
17	after	after	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
18	some	some	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	19	det	_	_
19	chief	chief	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	obl	_	_
20	of	of	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
21	those	that	DET	DT	Number=Plur|PronType=Dem	22	det	_	_
22	days	day	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	19	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	30	punct	_	_
24	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	30	cc	_	_
25	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	30	nsubj	_	_
26	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	30	cop	_	_
27	because	because	ADP	IN	ExtPos=ADP	30	case	_	_
28	of	of	ADP	IN	_	27	fixed	_	_
29	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	30	nmod:poss	_	_
30	situation	situation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
31	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	33	punct	_	_
32	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	33	det	_	_
33	outermost	outermost	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	parataxis	_	_
34	_	_	PUNCT	NFP	_	35	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
35	Kainga	Kainga	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	33	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
36	_	_	PUNCT	NFP	_	39	punct	_	_
37	of	of	ADP	IN	_	39	case	_	_
38	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	39	det	_	_
39	Plains	Plain	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	35	conj	_	_
40	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	42	cc	_	_
41	swamp	swamp	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	42	amod	_	_
42	dwellers	dweller	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	35	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
43	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	44	punct	_	_
44	commanding	command	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	33	conj	_	_
45	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	46	det	_	_
46	passage	passage	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	44	obj	_	_
47	down	down	ADP	IN	_	49	case	_	_
48	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	49	det	_	_
49	Heathcote	Heathcote	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	46	nmod	_	_
50	to	to	ADP	IN	_	52	case	_	_
51	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	52	det	_	_
52	sea	sea	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	44	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
53	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	57	punct	_	_
54	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	57	mark	_	_
55	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	56	det	_	_
56	river	river	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	57	nsubj	_	_
57	became	become	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	33	conj	_	_
58	known	know	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	57	xcomp	_	_
59	as	as	ADP	IN	_	61	case	_	_
60	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	61	det	_	_
61	stream	stream	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	58	obl	_	_
62	of	of	ADP	IN	_	65	case	_	_
63	“	"	PUNCT	``	_	65	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
64	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	65	det	_	_
65	Outpost	Outpost	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	61	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
66	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
67	”	"	PUNCT	''	_	9	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past | the name of the village | Poho areare and pigeon's situation |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **breast** *in a quote* | past | pigeon |  |  |  | after some chief of that days |  | vn confront-98 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **is** | past | pigeon |  |  |  |  | because pigeon's situation | tree rules |
| 4 | **command** | gerund | the name of the village *not said here* | the passage |  |  |  | down the Heathcote; to the sea | vn supervision-95.2.2-1 «NP V NP.predicate»: agent=Agent passage=Eventuality |
| 5 | **become** | past | the river |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 6 | **know** | participle | the river *not said here* |  |  |  |  | as the stream of the Outpost | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Experiencer as stream=Attribute |
| 7 | **name** |  |  | the village |  |  |  |  | nom name «communication transitive»: of=patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury, New Zealand» by James Cowan, Project Gutenberg book 73766 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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