---
title: Here it may be recalled that the _hapus_ who lived where Christchurc… — Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury,… · tree and pragmatics
description: Here it may be recalled that the _hapus_ who lived where Christchurch City now stands were given a nickname by the outer tribes at Kaiapoi and elsewhere. Who acts: hapus, Christchurch, outer tribes. A sentence of «Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury, New Zealand» by James Cowan, The Port 
---

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# Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury, New Zealand, The Port Hills and Their Names., sentence 101

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Here it may be recalled that the \_hapus\_ who lived where Christchurch City now stands were given a nickname by the outer tribes at Kaiapoi and elsewhere.

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**Who acts:** hapus, Christchurch, outer tribes · **What happens:** recall, live, stand, give · **To what, where:** pigeon, hapus

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This is a sentence of «Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury, New Zealand» by James Cowan, The Port Hills and Their Names.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (hapus, Christchurch, outer tribes), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg73766:10:101
# text = Here it may be recalled that the _hapus_ who lived where Christchurch City now stands were given a nickname by the outer tribes at Kaiapoi and elsewhere.
1	Here	here	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	5	advmod	_	_
2	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	may	may	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	_
4	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	aux:pass	_	_
5	recalled	recall	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
6	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	19	mark	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	_	_	PUNCT	``	_	9	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	hapus	hapus	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	nsubj:pass	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	_	_	PUNCT	NFP	_	12	punct	_	_
11	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	12	nsubj	_	_
12	lived	live	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	9	acl:relcl	_	_
13	where	where	ADV	WRB	PronType=Rel	17	advmod	_	_
14	Christchurch	Christchurch	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	17	nsubj	_	_
15	City	City	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	14	flat	_	_
16	now	now	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	17	advmod	_	_
17	stands	stand	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	12	ccomp	_	_
18	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	19	aux:pass	_	_
19	given	give	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	advcl	_	_
20	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	21	det	_	_
21	nickname	nickname	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	obj	_	_
22	by	by	ADP	IN	_	25	case	_	_
23	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	25	det	_	_
24	outer	outer	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	25	amod	_	_
25	tribes	tribe	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	19	obl	_	_
26	at	at	ADP	IN	_	27	case	_	_
27	Kaiapoi	Kaiapoi	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	25	nmod	_	_
28	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	29	cc	_	_
29	elsewhere	elsewhere	ADV	RB	_	27	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
30	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **recall** | may · passive |  | pigeon |  | here |  |  | vn banish-10.2 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme |
| 2 | **live** | past | the hapus |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **stand** | present | Christchurch |  |  |  | now |  | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **give** | past · passive | the outer tribes at Kaiapoi | the hapus |  |  |  | a nickname *obj* | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent subject=Recipient nickname=Theme |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury, New Zealand» by James Cowan, Project Gutenberg book 73766 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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