---
title: They lived in a marshy region which had its compensations in the way… — Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury,… · tree and pragmatics
description: They lived in a marshy region which had its compensations in the way of abundant food, for the swamps and creeks swarmed with eels and wild duck. Who acts: rivers, marshy region, region. A sentence of «Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury, New Zealand» by James Cowan, The Port Hills and Th
---

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# Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury, New Zealand, The Port Hills and Their Names., sentence 103

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They lived in a marshy region which had its compensations in the way of abundant food, for the swamps and creeks swarmed with eels and wild duck.

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**Who acts:** rivers, marshy region, region · **What happens:** live, have, swarm, compensate · **To what, where:** marshy region, compensations, way, swamps

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This is a sentence of «Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury, New Zealand» by James Cowan, The Port Hills and Their Names.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (rivers, marshy region, region), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg73766:10:103
# text = They lived in a marshy region which had its compensations in the way of abundant food, for the swamps and creeks swarmed with eels and wild duck.
1	They	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	lived	live	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	marshy	marshy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	region	region	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
7	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	8	nsubj	_	_
8	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	acl:relcl	_	_
9	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	10	nmod:poss	_	_
10	compensations	compensation	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obj	_	_
11	in	in	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	way	way	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	_
14	of	of	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
15	abundant	abundant	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	16	amod	_	_
16	food	food	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	_
18	for	for	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
19	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
20	swamps	swamp	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	_
21	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	22	cc	_	_
22	creeks	creek	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	20	conj	_	_
23	swarmed	swarm	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	20	acl	_	_
24	with	with	ADP	IN	_	25	case	_	_
25	eels	eel	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	23	obl	_	_
26	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	28	cc	_	_
27	wild	wild	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	28	amod	_	_
28	duck	duck	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	25	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
29	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **live** | past | rivers *= river* |  |  | a marshy region |  | for the swamps and creeks | vn lodge-46 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in region=Location |
| 2 | **have** | past | a marshy region | region's compensations |  | the way of abundant food |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent compensation=Patient |
| 3 | **swarm** | participle |  | the swamps and creeks *not said here* |  |  |  | with eels and wild duck | vn swarm-47.5.1-1 «PP.location V PP.theme»: agent=Location with eel=Theme |
| 4 | **compensate** |  | region |  |  |  |  |  | nom compensation «possession transitive»: poss=agent |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury, New Zealand» by James Cowan, Project Gutenberg book 73766 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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