---
title: Passing Castle Rock--Te Tihi o Kahukura--just on the right hand or w… — Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury,… · tree and pragmatics
description: Passing Castle Rock--Te Tihi o Kahukura--just on the right hand or west as we travel towards Dyer’s Pass, we have on the other hand Te Moenga o Wheke, or “Wheke’s Sleeping Place” and Ota-ranui, or “Big Peak,” the towering rough-hewn crests of the Range looking down on Cass Bay and lying east of the 
---

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# Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury, New Zealand, The Port Hills and Their Names., sentence 25

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Passing Castle Rock--Te Tihi o Kahukura--just on the right hand or west as we travel towards Dyer’s Pass, we have on the other hand Te Moenga o Wheke, or “Wheke’s Sleeping Place” and Ota-ranui, or “Big Peak,” the towering rough-hewn crests of the Range looking down on Cass Bay and lying east of the Summit Track.

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**Who acts:** we, Range · **What happens:** pass, travel, have, tower, look down, lie · **To what, where:** Castle Rock, right hand, other hand

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This is a sentence of «Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury, New Zealand» by James Cowan, The Port Hills and Their Names.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (we, Range), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg73766:10:25
# text = Passing Castle Rock--Te Tihi o Kahukura--just on the right hand or west as we travel towards Dyer’s Pass, we have on the other hand Te Moenga o Wheke, or “Wheke’s Sleeping Place” and Ota-ranui, or “Big Peak,” the towering rough-hewn crests of the Range looking down on Cass Bay and lying east of the Summit Track.
1	Passing	pass	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	26	advcl	_	_
2	Castle	Castle	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	Rock	Rock	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	--	--	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	Te	Te	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	Tihi	Tihi	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	_
7	o	of	ADP	IN	Abbr=Yes	8	case	_	_
8	Kahukura	Kahukura	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	--	--	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	just	just	ADV	RB	_	14	advmod	_	_
11	on	on	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
13	right	right	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	amod	_	_
14	hand	hand	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	_
15	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
16	west	west	ADV	RB	_	14	advmod	_	_
17	as	as	SCONJ	IN	_	19	mark	_	_
18	we	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	19	nsubj	_	_
19	travel	travel	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	16	advcl	_	_
20	towards	towards	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
21	Dyer	Dyer	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	23	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	’s	's	PART	POS	_	21	case	_	_
23	Pass	Pass	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	19	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	_
25	we	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	26	nsubj	_	_
26	have	have	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
27	on	on	ADP	IN	_	30	case	_	_
28	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	30	det	_	_
29	other	other	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	30	amod	_	_
30	hand	hand	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	26	obl	_	_
31	Te	Te	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	30	appos	_	_
32	Moenga	Moenga	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	31	flat	_	_
33	o	of	ADP	IN	Abbr=Yes	34	case	_	_
34	Wheke	Wheke	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	31	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
35	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	41	punct	_	_
36	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	41	cc	_	_
37	“	"	PUNCT	``	_	41	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
38	Wheke	Wheke	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	41	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
39	’s	's	PART	POS	_	38	case	_	_
40	Sleeping	sleeping	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	41	compound	_	_
41	Place	place	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	31	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
42	”	"	PUNCT	''	_	41	punct	_	_
43	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	46	cc	_	_
44	Ota	Ota	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	46	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
45	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	44	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
46	ranui	ranui	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	31	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
47	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	51	punct	_	_
48	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	51	cc	_	_
49	“	"	PUNCT	``	_	51	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
50	Big	big	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	51	amod	_	_
51	Peak	peak	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	26	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
52	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	51	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
53	”	"	PUNCT	''	_	51	punct	_	_
54	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	59	det	_	_
55	towering	tower	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	59	amod	_	_
56	rough	rough	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	58	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
57	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	56	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
58	hewn	hewn	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	59	amod	_	_
59	crests	crest	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	51	appos	_	_
60	of	of	ADP	IN	_	62	case	_	_
61	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	62	det	_	_
62	Range	range	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	59	nmod	_	_
63	looking	look	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	62	acl	_	_
64	down	down	ADV	RB	_	63	advmod	_	_
65	on	on	ADP	IN	_	67	case	_	_
66	Cass	Cass	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	67	compound	_	_
67	Bay	Bay	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	63	obl	_	_
68	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	69	cc	_	_
69	lying	lie	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	63	conj	_	_
70	east	east	ADV	RB	_	69	advmod	_	_
71	of	of	ADP	IN	_	74	case	_	_
72	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	74	det	_	_
73	Summit	summit	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	74	compound	_	_
74	Track	track	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	70	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
75	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	26	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **pass** | gerund | we *not said here* | Castle Rock and Te Tihi |  | the right hand |  | of Kahukura | vn send-11.1-1 «NP V NP PP.initial\_location»: agent=Agent rock=Theme of kahukura=Initial\_Location |
| 2 | **travel** | present | we |  |  |  |  | towards Dyer's Pass | vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme towards pass=Destination |
| 3 | **have** | present | we |  |  | the other hand |  | Big Peak *conj* | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **tower** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 5 | **look down** | gerund | the Range *not said here* |  |  |  |  | on Cass Bay; down *property* | vn peer-30.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent on bay=Theme |
| 6 | **lie** | gerund | the Range *not said here* |  |  |  |  | east *property* | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury, New Zealand» by James Cowan, Project Gutenberg book 73766 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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