---
title: There they were left, say the Maoris, _he kai mo te ra, mo te manu_-… — Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury,… · tree and pragmatics
description: There they were left, say the Maoris, _he kai mo te ra, mo te manu_--“food for the sun and for the birds.” Who acts: you, warrior. A sentence of «Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury, New Zealand» by James Cowan, The Port Hills and Their Names., with its dependency tree and the pragmatics 
---

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# Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury, New Zealand, The Port Hills and Their Names., sentence 34

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There they were left, say the Maoris, \_he kai mo te ra, mo te manu\_--“food for the sun and for the birds.”

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**Who acts:** you, warrior · **What happens:** leave, say, ra · **To what, where:** breakwaters, Maoris · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury, New Zealand» by James Cowan, The Port Hills and Their Names.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (you, warrior), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg73766:10:34
# text = There they were left, say the Maoris, _he kai mo te ra, mo te manu_--“food for the sun and for the birds.”
1	There	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	4	expl	_	_
2	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
3	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	left	leave	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	6	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
6	say	say	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	Maoris	Maoris	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
10	_	_	PUNCT	NFP	_	15	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	15	nsubj	_	_
12	kai	kai	X	FW	Foreign=Yes	15	nsubj	_	_
13	mo	mo	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	compound	_	_
14	te	te	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	amod	_	_
15	ra	ra	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
17	mo	mo	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	conj	_	_
18	te	te	X	FW	Foreign=Yes	15	appos	_	_
19	manu	manu	X	FW	Foreign=Yes	18	flat:foreign	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	_	_	PUNCT	NFP	_	6	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	--	--	PUNCT	,	_	23	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	“	"	PUNCT	``	_	23	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	food	food	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	ccomp	_	_
24	for	for	ADP	IN	_	26	case	_	_
25	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	26	det	_	_
26	sun	sun	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	23	nmod	_	_
27	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	30	cc	_	_
28	for	for	ADP	IN	_	30	case	_	_
29	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	30	det	_	_
30	birds	bird	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	23	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
31	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
32	”	"	PUNCT	''	_	6	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **leave** | past · passive |  | breakwaters *= breakwater* |  | there |  |  | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme |
| 2 | **say** *speech: assert* | imperative | you *not said here* | the Maoris |  |  |  | food for the sun and the birds *ccomp* | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent maoris=Topic |
| 3 | **ra** |  | warrior |  |  |  |  | mo *conj* | tree rules |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury, New Zealand» by James Cowan, Project Gutenberg book 73766 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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