---
title: (Mr. Ell, on being told of this tradition, said that he believed the… — Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury,… · tree and pragmatics
description: (Mr. Ell, on being told of this tradition, said that he believed the site of Manuka would be found to be the spur running into an old swamp upon which Mr. Holmes’s homestead is built, on the old coach road south of Lansdowne, and about two miles from Tai Tapu.) Who acts: Ell, site, spur, Holmes. A s
---

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# Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury, New Zealand, The Port Hills and Their Names., sentence 44

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(Mr. Ell, on being told of this tradition, said that he believed the site of Manuka would be found to be the spur running into an old swamp upon which Mr. Holmes’s homestead is built, on the old coach road south of Lansdowne, and about two miles from Tai Tapu.)

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**Who acts:** Ell, site, spur, Holmes · **What happens:** tell, say, believe, find, be, run · **To what, where:** Ell, site, spur, old swamp, homestead · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury, New Zealand» by James Cowan, The Port Hills and Their Names.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Ell, site, spur, Holmes), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg73766:10:44
# text = (Mr. Ell, on being told of this tradition, said that he believed the site of Manuka would be found to be the spur running into an old swamp upon which Mr. Holmes’s homestead is built, on the old coach road south of Lansdowne, and about two miles from Tai Tapu.)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Mr.	Mr.	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nmod:desc	_	_
3	Ell	Ell	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	12	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
5	on	on	SCONJ	IN	_	7	mark	_	_
6	being	be	AUX	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	7	aux:pass	_	_
7	told	tell	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	acl	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	this	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	10	det	_	_
10	tradition	tradition	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
12	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
13	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	15	mark	_	_
14	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	15	nsubj	_	_
15	believed	believe	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	12	ccomp	_	_
16	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	site	site	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	nsubj:pass	_	_
18	of	of	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
19	Manuka	Manuka	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	17	nmod	_	_
20	would	would	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	22	aux	_	_
21	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	22	aux:pass	_	_
22	found	find	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	15	ccomp	_	_
23	to	to	PART	TO	_	26	mark	_	_
24	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	26	cop	_	_
25	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	26	det	_	_
26	spur	spur	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	xcomp	_	_
27	running	run	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	26	acl	_	_
28	into	into	ADP	IN	_	31	case	_	_
29	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	31	det	_	_
30	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	31	amod	_	_
31	swamp	swamp	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	27	obl	_	_
32	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	33	case	_	_
33	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	39	obl	_	_
34	Mr.	Mr.	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	35	nmod:desc	_	_
35	Holmes	Holmes	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	37	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
36	’s	's	PART	POS	_	35	case	_	_
37	homestead	homestead	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	39	nsubj:pass	_	_
38	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	39	aux:pass	_	_
39	built	build	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	31	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
40	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	45	punct	_	_
41	on	on	ADP	IN	_	45	case	_	_
42	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	45	det	_	_
43	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	45	amod	_	_
44	coach	coach	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	45	compound	_	_
45	road	road	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	27	obl	_	_
46	south	south	ADV	RB	_	45	advmod	_	_
47	of	of	ADP	IN	_	48	case	_	_
48	Lansdowne	Lansdowne	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	45	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
49	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	53	punct	_	_
50	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	53	cc	_	_
51	about	about	ADV	RB	_	52	advmod	_	_
52	two	two	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	53	nummod	_	_
53	miles	mile	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	26	conj	_	_
54	from	from	ADP	IN	_	56	case	_	_
55	Tai	Tai	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	56	compound	_	_
56	Tapu	Tapu	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	53	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
57	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	12	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
58	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	12	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **tell** *speech: assert* | gerund · passive |  | Ell  Mr. *not said here* |  |  |  | of this tradition | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V» |
| 2 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | Ell  Mr. |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 3 | **believe** | past | Ell |  |  |  |  |  | vn admire-31.2 «NP V that S»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus |
| 4 | **find** | would · passive |  | the site of Manuka |  |  |  |  | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: subject=Topic |
| 5 | **is a** | to-infinitive | the site of Manuka *not said here* | the spur and two miles from Tai Tapu |  |  |  | two miles from Tai Tapu *conj* | tree rules |
| 6 | **run** | gerund | the spur and two miles from Tai Tapu *not said here* |  |  |  |  | into a old swamp *result*; on the old coach road of Lansdowne | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.result»: agent=Theme into swamp=Result |
| 7 | **build** | present · passive |  | Holmes  Mr.'s homestead |  |  |  | upon a old swamp | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: subject=Product |
| 8 | **homestead** |  | Holmes  Mr. |  |  |  |  |  | nom homestead «possession transitive»: poss=agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury, New Zealand» by James Cowan, Project Gutenberg book 73766 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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