---
title: No doubt it was so called from the natural markings sometimes seen o… — Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury,… · tree and pragmatics
description: No doubt it was so called from the natural markings sometimes seen on the faces of these overhanging rock shelters, such as were used as dwelling and camping-places in many parts of the South Island by the ancient people. Who acts: ancient people. A sentence of «Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, C
---

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# Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury, New Zealand, The Port Hills and Their Names., sentence 47

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No doubt it was so called from the natural markings sometimes seen on the faces of these overhanging rock shelters, such as were used as dwelling and camping-places in many parts of the South Island by the ancient people.

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**Who acts:** ancient people · **What happens:** call, see, overhang, use · **To what, where:** doubt, natural markings, faces · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury, New Zealand» by James Cowan, The Port Hills and Their Names.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (ancient people), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg73766:10:47
# text = No doubt it was so called from the natural markings sometimes seen on the faces of these overhanging rock shelters, such as were used as dwelling and camping-places in many parts of the South Island by the ancient people.
1	No	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	2	det	_	_
2	doubt	doubt	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	6	nsubj:pass	_	_
4	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	aux:pass	_	_
5	so	so	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
6	called	call	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
7	from	from	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
9	natural	natural	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	markings	marking	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obl	_	_
11	sometimes	sometimes	ADV	RB	PronType=Ind	12	advmod	_	_
12	seen	see	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	10	acl	_	_
13	on	on	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	faces	face	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	obl	_	_
16	of	of	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
17	these	this	PRON	DT	Number=Plur|PronType=Dem	20	nsubj	_	_
18	overhanging	overhang	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	20	amod	_	_
19	rock	rock	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	compound	_	_
20	shelters	shelter	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	15	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	25	punct	_	_
22	such	such	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|ExtPos=SCONJ	25	mark	_	_
23	as	as	ADP	IN	_	22	fixed	_	_
24	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	25	aux:pass	_	_
25	used	use	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	20	conj	_	_
26	as	as	ADP	IN	_	27	case	_	_
27	dwelling	dwelling	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	25	obl	_	_
28	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	31	cc	_	_
29	camping	camping	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	31	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
30	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	29	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
31	places	place	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	27	conj	_	_
32	in	in	ADP	IN	_	34	case	_	_
33	many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	34	amod	_	_
34	parts	part	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	31	nmod	_	_
35	of	of	ADP	IN	_	38	case	_	_
36	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	38	det	_	_
37	South	South	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	38	compound	_	_
38	Island	Island	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	34	nmod	_	_
39	by	by	ADP	IN	_	42	case	_	_
40	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	42	det	_	_
41	ancient	ancient	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	42	amod	_	_
42	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	25	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
43	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **call** | past · passive |  | no doubt |  | the natural markings |  |  | vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP PP.source»: subject=Theme from marking=Source |
| 2 | **see** | participle |  | the natural markings *not said here* |  | the faces of overhanging rock shelters  these |  | sometimes *property* | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer |
| 3 | **overhang** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn contiguous\_location-47.8 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme |
| 4 | **use** | past · passive | the ancient people |  |  |  |  | as dwelling and camping places in many parts of the South Island | vn eat-39.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury, New Zealand» by James Cowan, Project Gutenberg book 73766 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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