---
title: Ohinetahi[1] _pa_, defended with a palisade of split tree-trunks and… — Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury,… · tree and pragmatics
description: Ohinetahi[1] _pa_, defended with a palisade of split tree-trunks and with ditch and parapet, stood near the shore at the head of Governor’s Bay two hundred years ago. Who acts: Ohinetahi pa. A sentence of «Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury, New Zealand» by James Cowan, The Port Hills an
---

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# Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury, New Zealand, The Port Hills and Their Names., sentence 48

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Ohinetahi\[1\] \_pa\_, defended with a palisade of split tree-trunks and with ditch and parapet, stood near the shore at the head of Governor’s Bay two hundred years ago.

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**Who acts:** Ohinetahi pa · **What happens:** defend, stand · **To what, where:** Ohinetahi pa, shore

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This is a sentence of «Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury, New Zealand» by James Cowan, The Port Hills and Their Names.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Ohinetahi pa), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg73766:10:48
# text = Ohinetahi[1] _pa_, defended with a palisade of split tree-trunks and with ditch and parapet, stood near the shore at the head of Governor’s Bay two hundred years ago.
1	Ohinetahi	Ohinetahi	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	[	[	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	1	1	NUM	LS	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	1	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	]	]	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	3	punct	_	_
5	_	_	PUNCT	NFP	_	6	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	pa	pa	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	24	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	_	_	PUNCT	NFP	_	6	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
9	defended	defend	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	6	acl	_	_
10	with	with	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	palisade	palisade	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	_
13	of	of	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
14	split	split	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	17	amod	_	_
15	tree	tree	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	15	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	trunks	trunk	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	nmod	_	_
18	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	20	cc	_	_
19	with	with	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
20	ditch	ditch	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	conj	_	_
21	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	22	cc	_	_
22	parapet	parapet	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	24	punct	_	_
24	stood	stand	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
25	near	near	ADP	IN	_	27	case	_	_
26	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	27	det	_	_
27	shore	shore	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	24	obl	_	_
28	at	at	ADP	IN	_	30	case	_	_
29	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	30	det	_	_
30	head	head	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	24	obl	_	_
31	of	of	ADP	IN	_	34	case	_	_
32	Governor	Governor	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	34	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
33	’s	's	PART	POS	_	32	case	_	_
34	Bay	Bay	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	30	nmod	_	_
35	two	two	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	36	compound	_	_
36	hundred	hundred	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	37	nummod	_	_
37	years	year	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	38	obl:unmarked	_	_
38	ago	ago	ADV	RB	_	24	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
39	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	24	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **defend** | participle |  | Ohinetahi pa *not said here* |  |  |  | with a palisade of split tree trunks and ditch and parapet | vn defend-72.3 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **stand** | past | Ohinetahi pa |  |  | the shore |  | at the head of Governor's Bay; ago *property* | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent near shore=Location |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury, New Zealand» by James Cowan, Project Gutenberg book 73766 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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