---
title: Often there were bush skirmishes, and although the Ngati-Mamoe frequ… — Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury,… · tree and pragmatics
description: Often there were bush skirmishes, and although the Ngati-Mamoe frequently put up a good fight, they usually got the worst of the encounter. Who acts: bush skirmishes, Ngati Mamoe, skirmishes. A sentence of «Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury, New Zealand» by James Cowan, The Port Hills a
---

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# Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury, New Zealand, The Port Hills and Their Names., sentence 56

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Often there were bush skirmishes, and although the Ngati-Mamoe frequently put up a good fight, they usually got the worst of the encounter.

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**Who acts:** bush skirmishes, Ngati Mamoe, skirmishes · **What happens:** be, put up, get · **To what, where:** good fight, worst

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This is a sentence of «Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury, New Zealand» by James Cowan, The Port Hills and Their Names.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (bush skirmishes, Ngati Mamoe, skirmishes), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg73766:10:56
# text = Often there were bush skirmishes, and although the Ngati-Mamoe frequently put up a good fight, they usually got the worst of the encounter.
1	Often	often	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
2	there	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	3	expl	_	_
3	were	be	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	bush	bush	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	skirmishes	skirmish	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	22	punct	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	22	cc	_	_
8	although	although	SCONJ	IN	_	14	mark	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
10	Ngati	Ngati	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	12	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	10	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	Mamoe	Mamoe	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	14	nsubj	_	_
13	frequently	frequently	ADV	RB	_	14	advmod	_	_
14	put	put	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	22	advcl	_	_
15	up	up	ADP	RP	_	14	compound:prt	_	_
16	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
17	good	good	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	18	amod	_	_
18	fight	fight	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
20	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	22	nsubj	_	_
21	usually	usually	ADV	RB	_	22	advmod	_	_
22	got	get	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
23	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	24	det	_	_
24	worst	bad	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	22	obj	_	_
25	of	of	ADP	IN	_	27	case	_	_
26	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	27	det	_	_
27	encounter	encounter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	24	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **be** | past | bush skirmishes |  |  | there |  | often *property* | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **put up** | past | the Ngati Mamoe | a good fight |  |  |  | frequently *property* | vn invest-13.5.4-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Agent fight=Goal |
| 3 | **get** | past | skirmishes *= skirmish* | the worst of the encounter |  |  |  | usually *property* | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer bad=Stimulus |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury, New Zealand» by James Cowan, Project Gutenberg book 73766 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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