---
title: He was the spirit guardian most frequently invoked by the _tohungas_… — Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury,… · tree and pragmatics
description: He was the spirit guardian most frequently invoked by the _tohungas_, and he was appealed to for auguries and omens in time of war. Who acts: Kahukura. A sentence of «Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury, New Zealand» by James Cowan, The Port Hills and Their Names., with its dependency tre
---

<!-- md -->
[Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg73766/10/7/)

<!-- crumbs -->
[home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [tales](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/) / [Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Ca…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg73766/) / [The Port Hills and Their Names.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg73766/10/) / 7

# Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury, New Zealand, The Port Hills and Their Names., sentence 7

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He was the spirit guardian most frequently invoked by the \_tohungas\_, and he was appealed to for auguries and omens in time of war.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Kahukura · **What happens:** be, invoke, appeal · **To what, where:** spirit guardian, Kahukura

<!-- .vabout -->
This is a sentence of «Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury, New Zealand» by James Cowan, The Port Hills and Their Names.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Kahukura), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

<!-- .note-en -->
**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg73766:10:7
# text = He was the spirit guardian most frequently invoked by the _tohungas_, and he was appealed to for auguries and omens in time of war.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj	_	_
2	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	spirit	spirit	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	compound	_	_
5	guardian	guardian	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	most	most	ADV	RBS	Degree=Sup	7	advmod	_	_
7	frequently	frequently	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
8	invoked	invoke	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	acl	_	_
9	by	by	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
11	_	_	PUNCT	NFP	_	12	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	tohungas	tohunga	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	_	_	PUNCT	NFP	_	8	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
15	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	18	cc	_	_
16	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	18	nsubj	_	_
17	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	18	aux:pass	_	_
18	appealed	appeal	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	conj	_	_
19	to	to	PART	TO	_	18	xcomp	_	_
20	for	for	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
21	auguries	augury	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	18	obl	_	_
22	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	23	cc	_	_
23	omens	omen	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	21	conj	_	_
24	in	in	ADP	IN	_	25	case	_	_
25	time	time	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	obl	_	_
26	of	of	ADP	IN	_	27	case	_	_
27	war	war	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	25	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past | Kahukura | the spirit guardian |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **invoke** | participle |  | the spirit guardian *not said here* |  |  |  | by the tohungas; frequently *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **appeal** | past · passive |  | Kahukura |  |  | time | for auguries and omens | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** «Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury, New Zealand» by James Cowan, Project Gutenberg book 73766 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
- ← previous: [sentence 6](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg73766/10/6/)
- next →: [sentence 8](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg73766/10/8/)
- ↑ back to [The Port Hills and Their Names.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg73766/10/)