---
title: The bays were so designated because on the shores and the slopes abo… — Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury,… · tree and pragmatics
description: The bays were so designated because on the shores and the slopes above there were plentiful thickets of the _kaikomako_ (pennantia corymbosa), the small tree into which Mahuika, a Polynesian Prometheus, threw fire from his finger-tips, so that it should not be extinguished by Maui’s deluge. Who acts
---

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# Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury, New Zealand, The Port Hills and Their Names., sentence 75

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The bays were so designated because on the shores and the slopes above there were plentiful thickets of the \_kaikomako\_ (pennantia corymbosa), the small tree into which Mahuika, a Polynesian Prometheus, threw fire from his finger-tips, so that it should not be extinguished by Maui’s deluge.

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**Who acts:** plentiful thickets, Mahuika, deluge · **What happens:** designate, be, throw, not extinguish · **To what, where:** bays, shores, fire, small tree, Prometheus

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This is a sentence of «Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury, New Zealand» by James Cowan, The Port Hills and Their Names.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (plentiful thickets, Mahuika, deluge), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg73766:10:75
# text = The bays were so designated because on the shores and the slopes above there were plentiful thickets of the _kaikomako_ (pennantia corymbosa), the small tree into which Mahuika, a Polynesian Prometheus, threw fire from his finger-tips, so that it should not be extinguished by Maui’s deluge.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	bays	bay	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux:pass	_	_
4	so	so	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
5	designated	designate	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
6	because	because	SCONJ	IN	_	9	mark	_	_
7	on	on	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	shores	shore	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obl	_	_
10	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	slopes	slope	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	conj	_	_
13	above	above	ADP	IN	_	15	mark	_	_
14	there	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	15	expl	_	_
15	were	be	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	advcl	_	_
16	plentiful	plentiful	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	17	amod	_	_
17	thickets	thicket	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	15	nsubj	_	_
18	of	of	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
19	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	21	det	_	_
20	_	_	PUNCT	NFP	_	21	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	kaikomako	kaikomako	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	_	_	PUNCT	NFP	_	25	punct	_	_
23	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	25	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	pennantia	pennantia	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	25	compound	_	_
25	corymbosa	corymbosa	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	25	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	30	punct	_	_
28	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	30	det	_	_
29	small	small	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	30	amod	_	_
30	tree	tree	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	25	conj	_	_
31	into	into	ADP	IN	_	32	case	_	_
32	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	39	obl	_	_
33	Mahuika	Mahuika	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	39	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
34	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	37	punct	_	_
35	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	37	det	_	_
36	Polynesian	polynesian	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	37	amod	_	_
37	Prometheus	prometheus	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	33	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
38	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	33	punct	_	_
39	threw	throw	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	30	parataxis	_	_
40	fire	fire	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	39	obj	_	_
41	from	from	ADP	IN	_	45	case	_	_
42	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	45	nmod:poss	_	_
43	finger	finger	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	45	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
44	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	43	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
45	tips	tip	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	39	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
46	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	53	punct	_	_
47	so	so	SCONJ	IN	ExtPos=SCONJ	53	mark	_	_
48	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	47	fixed	_	_
49	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	53	nsubj:pass	_	_
50	should	should	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	53	aux	_	_
51	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	53	advmod	_	_
52	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	53	aux:pass	_	_
53	extinguished	extinguish	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	39	conj	_	_
54	by	by	ADP	IN	_	57	case	_	_
55	Maui	Maui	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	57	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
56	’s	's	PART	POS	_	55	case	_	_
57	deluge	deluge	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	53	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
58	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **designate** | past · passive |  | the bays |  | the shores and the slopes |  |  | vn appoint-29.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme |
| 2 | **be** | past | plentiful thickets of the kaikomako and pennantia corymbosa and the small tree |  |  | there |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **throw** | past | Mahuika | fire |  | the small tree |  | from bay's finger tips | vn throw-17.1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.initial\_location PP.destination»: agent=Agent fire=Theme into which=Destination from tip=Initial\_Location |
| 4 | **not** **extinguish** | should · passive | Maui's deluge | Prometheus |  |  |  |  | vn remedy-45.7-1 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent subject=Patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury, New Zealand» by James Cowan, Project Gutenberg book 73766 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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