---
title: There are none of the ancient fire trees on the bay shores nowadays;… — Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury,… · tree and pragmatics
description: There are none of the ancient fire trees on the bay shores nowadays; the _pakeha’s_ pinus insignis and cocksfoot grass have long supplanted them. Who acts: none. A sentence of «Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury, New Zealand» by James Cowan, The Port Hills and Their Names., with its depe
---

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# Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury, New Zealand, The Port Hills and Their Names., sentence 79

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There are none of the ancient fire trees on the bay shores nowadays; the \_pakeha’s\_ pinus insignis and cocksfoot grass have long supplanted them.

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**Who acts:** none · **What happens:** be, shore, supplant · **To what, where:** \_ pakeha

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This is a sentence of «Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury, New Zealand» by James Cowan, The Port Hills and Their Names.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (none), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg73766:10:79
# text = There are none of the ancient fire trees on the bay shores nowadays; the _pakeha’s_ pinus insignis and cocksfoot grass have long supplanted them.
1	There	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	2	expl	_	_
2	are	be	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	12	advcl	_	_
3	none	none	PRON	NN	PronType=Neg	12	nsubj	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
6	ancient	ancient	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
7	fire	fire	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	_
8	trees	tree	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nmod	_	_
9	on	on	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	bay	bay	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	_
12	shores	shore	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
13	nowadays	nowadays	ADV	RB	_	12	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	27	punct	_	_
15	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
16	_	_	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	17	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	pakeha	pakeha	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	27	nsubj:pass	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	’s	's	PART	POS	_	17	case	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	_	_	PUNCT	NFP	_	21	punct	_	_
20	pinus	pinus	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	compound	_	_
21	insignis	insignis	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	27	nsubj:pass	_	_
22	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	24	cc	_	_
23	cocksfoot	cocksfoot	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	24	compound	_	_
24	grass	grass	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	conj	_	_
25	have	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	27	aux	_	_
26	long	long	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	27	advmod	_	_
27	supplanted	supplant	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	12	conj	_	_
28	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	27	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
29	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	12	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **be** | present | none of the ancient fire trees on the bay *not said here* |  |  | there |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **shore** | present | none of the ancient fire trees on the bay |  |  |  |  | nowadays *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **supplant** | present · perfect · passive |  | the \_ pakeha |  |  |  | pinus insignis and cocksfoot grass *nsubj:pass*; insignis *obj*; long *property* | tree rules |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury, New Zealand» by James Cowan, Project Gutenberg book 73766 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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