--- title: Each _hapu_ had its image of Kahukura, a small carved wooden figure,… — Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury,… · tree and pragmatics description: Each _hapu_ had its image of Kahukura, a small carved wooden figure, which was kept in some _tapu_ place remote from the dwellings, often a secluded flax clump, or on a high, stilt-legged platform or _whata_. Who acts: hapu. A sentence of «Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury, New Zealand» --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg73766/10/8/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [tales](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/) / [Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Ca…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg73766/) / [The Port Hills and Their Names.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg73766/10/) / 8 # Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury, New Zealand, The Port Hills and Their Names., sentence 8 Each \_hapu\_ had its image of Kahukura, a small carved wooden figure, which was kept in some \_tapu\_ place remote from the dwellings, often a secluded flax clump, or on a high, stilt-legged platform or \_whata\_. **Who acts:** hapu · **What happens:** have, carve, keep, image · **To what, where:** image, small carved wooden figure, dwellings, Kahukura This is a sentence of «Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury, New Zealand» by James Cowan, The Port Hills and Their Names.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (hapu), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. **Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = book:pg73766:10:8 # text = Each _hapu_ had its image of Kahukura, a small carved wooden figure, which was kept in some _tapu_ place remote from the dwellings, often a secluded flax clump, or on a high, stilt-legged platform or _whata_. 1 Each each DET DT PronType=Tot 3 det _ _ 2 _ _ PUNCT NFP _ 3 punct _ SpaceAfter=No 3 hapu hapu NOUN NN Number=Sing 5 nsubj _ SpaceAfter=No 4 _ _ PUNCT NFP _ 5 punct _ _ 5 had have VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 6 its its PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 7 nmod:poss _ _ 7 image image NOUN NN Number=Sing 5 obj _ _ 8 of of ADP IN _ 9 case _ _ 9 Kahukura Kahukura PROPN NNP Number=Sing 7 nmod _ SpaceAfter=No 10 , , PUNCT , _ 15 punct _ _ 11 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 15 det _ _ 12 small small ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 15 amod _ _ 13 carved carve VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 15 amod _ _ 14 wooden wooden ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 15 amod _ _ 15 figure figure NOUN NN Number=Sing 7 appos _ SpaceAfter=No 16 , , PUNCT , _ 19 punct _ _ 17 which which PRON WDT PronType=Rel 19 nsubj:pass _ _ 18 was be AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 19 aux:pass _ _ 19 kept keep VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 15 acl:relcl _ _ 20 in in ADP IN _ 21 case _ _ 21 some some DET DT PronType=Ind 23 obl _ _ 22 _ _ PUNCT NFP _ 21 punct _ SpaceAfter=No 23 tapu tapu NOUN NN Number=Sing 19 xcomp _ SpaceAfter=No 24 _ _ PUNCT NFP _ 26 punct _ _ 25 place place NOUN NN Number=Sing 26 compound _ _ 26 remote remote NOUN NN Number=Sing 19 obl _ _ 27 from from ADP IN _ 29 case _ _ 28 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 29 det _ _ 29 dwellings dwelling NOUN NNS Number=Plur 19 obl _ SpaceAfter=No 30 , , PUNCT , _ 35 punct _ _ 31 often often ADV RB _ 35 advmod _ _ 32 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 35 det _ _ 33 secluded secluded ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 35 amod _ _ 34 flax flax NOUN NN Number=Sing 35 compound _ _ 35 clump clump NOUN NN Number=Sing 29 nmod _ SpaceAfter=No 36 , , PUNCT , _ 45 punct _ _ 37 or or CCONJ CC _ 45 cc _ _ 38 on on ADP IN _ 45 case _ _ 39 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 45 det _ _ 40 high high ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 45 amod _ SpaceAfter=No 41 , , PUNCT , _ 40 punct _ _ 42 stilt stilt NOUN NN Number=Sing 44 compound _ SpaceAfter=No 43 - - PUNCT HYPH _ 42 punct _ SpaceAfter=No 44 legged legged ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 45 amod _ _ 45 platform platform NOUN NN Number=Sing 35 conj _ _ 46 or or CCONJ CC _ 48 cc _ _ 47 _ _ PUNCT NFP _ 48 punct _ SpaceAfter=No 48 whata whata NOUN NN Number=Sing 45 conj _ SpaceAfter=No 49 _ _ PUNCT NFP _ 19 punct _ SpaceAfter=No 50 . . PUNCT . _ 5 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **have** | past | each hapu | hapu's image of Kahukura | | | | | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent image=Patient | | 2 | **carve** | participle | | | | | | | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 3 | **keep** | past · passive | | a small carved wooden figure | | the dwellings a secluded flax clump or a high legged platform or whata | | place remote *obl*; tapu *xcomp* | vn forbid-64.4 «NP V NP PP.theme»: subject=Beneficiary from dwelling=Eventuality | | 4 | **image** | | hapu | Kahukura | | | | | nom image «cognition transitive»: poss=agent of=patient | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Text:** «Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury, New Zealand» by James Cowan, Project Gutenberg book 73766 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order. - ← previous: [sentence 7](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg73766/10/7/) - next →: [sentence 9](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg73766/10/9/) - ↑ back to [The Port Hills and Their Names.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg73766/10/)