---
title: _Ri_ means a rope, the painter of flax by which canoes were dragged… — Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury,… · tree and pragmatics
description: _Ri_ means a rope, the painter of flax by which canoes were dragged up on shore, and _papa_ is a flat rock. Who acts: _, painter, _ papa _. A sentence of «Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury, New Zealand» by James Cowan, The Port Hills and Their Names., with its dependency tree and the pr
---

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# Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury, New Zealand, The Port Hills and Their Names., sentence 82

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\_Ri\_ means a rope, the painter of flax by which canoes were dragged up on shore, and \_papa\_ is a flat rock.

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**Who acts:** \_, painter, \_ papa \_ · **What happens:** mean, drag up, be · **To what, where:** rope, canoes, shore, flat rock

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This is a sentence of «Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury, New Zealand» by James Cowan, The Port Hills and Their Names.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (\_, painter, \_ papa \_), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg73766:10:82
# text = _Ri_ means a rope, the painter of flax by which canoes were dragged up on shore, and _papa_ is a flat rock.
1	_	_	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Ri	Ri	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	1	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	_	_	PUNCT	NFP	_	1	punct	_	_
4	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	rope	rope	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	painter	painter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	appos	_	_
10	of	of	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	flax	flax	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nmod	_	_
12	by	by	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
13	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	16	obl	_	_
14	canoes	canoe	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	16	nsubj:pass	_	_
15	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	16	aux:pass	_	_
16	dragged	drag	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	9	acl	_	_
17	up	up	ADP	RP	_	16	compound:prt	_	_
18	on	on	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
19	shore	shore	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	28	punct	_	_
21	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	28	cc	_	_
22	_	_	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	24	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	papa	papa	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	24	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	_	_	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	28	nsubj	_	_
25	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	28	cop	_	_
26	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	28	det	_	_
27	flat	flat	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	28	amod	_	_
28	rock	rock	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
29	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present | \_ | a rope |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent rope=Topic |
| 2 | **drag up** | past · passive | the painter of flax | canoes |  | shore |  |  | vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Theme |
| 3 | **is a** | present | \_ papa \_ | a flat rock |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury, New Zealand» by James Cowan, Project Gutenberg book 73766 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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