---
title: Ripapa is a white man’s fort these days, but centuries before a Brit… — Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury,… · tree and pragmatics
description: Ripapa is a white man’s fort these days, but centuries before a British gun was planted there it was a fortified place, though the weapons of its garrison would hardly carry as far as those of the present coast defence force. Who acts: Ripapa, fort, weapons. A sentence of «Maori folk-tales of the Po
---

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# Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury, New Zealand, The Port Hills and Their Names., sentence 83

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Ripapa is a white man’s fort these days, but centuries before a British gun was planted there it was a fortified place, though the weapons of its garrison would hardly carry as far as those of the present coast defence force.

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**Who acts:** Ripapa, fort, weapons · **What happens:** be, plant, carry · **To what, where:** fort, fortified place, those

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This is a sentence of «Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury, New Zealand» by James Cowan, The Port Hills and Their Names.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Ripapa, fort, weapons), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg73766:10:83
# text = Ripapa is a white man’s fort these days, but centuries before a British gun was planted there it was a fortified place, though the weapons of its garrison would hardly carry as far as those of the present coast defence force.
1	Ripapa	Ripapa	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	white	white	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	man	man	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	’s	's	PART	POS	_	5	case	_	_
7	fort	fort	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	nsubj:pass	_	_
8	these	this	DET	DT	Number=Plur|PronType=Dem	9	det	_	_
9	days	day	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obl:unmarked	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
11	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
12	centuries	century	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obl	_	_
13	before	before	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
14	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
15	British	British	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	16	amod	_	_
16	gun	gun	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nmod	_	_
17	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	18	aux:pass	_	_
18	planted	plant	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
19	there	there	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	18	advmod	_	_
20	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	24	nsubj	_	_
21	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	24	cop	_	_
22	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	24	det	_	_
23	fortified	fortified	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	24	amod	_	_
24	place	place	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	34	punct	_	_
26	though	though	SCONJ	IN	_	34	mark	_	_
27	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	28	det	_	_
28	weapons	weapon	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	34	nsubj	_	_
29	of	of	ADP	IN	_	31	case	_	_
30	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	31	nmod:poss	_	_
31	garrison	garrison	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	28	nmod	_	_
32	would	would	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	34	aux	_	_
33	hardly	hardly	ADV	RB	_	34	advmod	_	_
34	carry	carry	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	18	parataxis	_	_
35	as	as	ADV	RB	_	36	advmod	_	_
36	far	far	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	38	advmod	_	_
37	as	as	ADP	IN	_	38	case	_	_
38	those	that	PRON	DT	Number=Plur|PronType=Dem	34	obj	_	_
39	of	of	ADP	IN	_	44	case	_	_
40	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	44	det	_	_
41	present	present	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	44	amod	_	_
42	coast	coast	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	43	compound	_	_
43	defence	defence	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	44	compound	_	_
44	force	force	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	38	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
45	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	18	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Ripapa | a white man's fort |  |  | century; day | a white man *nmod:poss* | tree rules |
| 2 | **plant** | past · passive |  | a white man's fort |  | there |  |  | vn establish-55.5-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient |
| 3 | **is a** | past | fort | a fortified place |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 4 | **carry** | would | the weapons of fort's garrison | those of the present defence force |  |  |  | hardly *property* | vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent that=Theme |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury, New Zealand» by James Cowan, Project Gutenberg book 73766 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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