---
title: _Manu-huahua_, or birds cooked and preserved in their own fat, and d… — Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury,… · tree and pragmatics
description: _Manu-huahua_, or birds cooked and preserved in their own fat, and done up in sea-kelp receptacles, as is the way in the Stewart Island mutton-bird industry to-day, also formed a large portion of the native supply of winter food in these parts. Who acts: bird industry. A sentence of «Maori folk-tale
---

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# Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury, New Zealand, The Port Hills and Their Names., sentence 90

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\_Manu-huahua\_, or birds cooked and preserved in their own fat, and done up in sea-kelp receptacles, as is the way in the Stewart Island mutton-bird industry to-day, also formed a large portion of the native supply of winter food in these parts.

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**Who acts:** bird industry · **What happens:** cook, preserve, do up, be, form · **To what, where:** birds, own fat, kelp receptacles, large portion, parts, Manu huahua

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This is a sentence of «Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury, New Zealand» by James Cowan, The Port Hills and Their Names.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (bird industry), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg73766:10:90
# text = _Manu-huahua_, or birds cooked and preserved in their own fat, and done up in sea-kelp receptacles, as is the way in the Stewart Island mutton-bird industry to-day, also formed a large portion of the native supply of winter food in these parts.
1	_	_	PUNCT	NFP	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Manu	Manu	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	huahua	huahua	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	_	_	PUNCT	NFP	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
7	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	birds	bird	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	conj	_	_
9	cooked	cook	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	8	acl	_	_
10	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
11	preserved	preserve	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	9	conj	_	_
12	in	in	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
13	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	15	nmod:poss	_	_
14	own	own	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	amod	_	_
15	fat	fat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
17	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	18	cc	_	_
18	done	do	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	parataxis	_	_
19	up	up	ADP	RP	_	18	compound:prt	_	_
20	in	in	ADP	IN	_	24	case	_	_
21	sea	sea	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	23	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	21	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	kelp	kelp	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	24	compound	_	_
24	receptacles	receptacle	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	18	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	29	punct	_	_
26	as	as	ADP	IN	_	29	case	_	_
27	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	29	cop	_	_
28	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	29	det	_	_
29	way	way	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	obl	_	_
30	in	in	ADP	IN	_	33	case	_	_
31	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	33	det	_	_
32	Stewart	Stewart	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	33	compound	_	_
33	Island	Island	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	37	obl	_	_
34	mutton	mutton	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	36	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
35	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	34	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
36	bird	bird	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	37	compound	_	_
37	industry	industry	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	29	nmod	_	_
38	to	to	ADP	IN	_	40	case	_	SpaceAfter=No
39	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	38	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
40	day	day	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	37	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
41	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	43	punct	_	_
42	also	also	ADV	RB	_	43	advmod	_	_
43	formed	form	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	37	acl:relcl	_	_
44	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	46	det	_	_
45	large	large	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	46	amod	_	_
46	portion	portion	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	43	obj	_	_
47	of	of	ADP	IN	_	50	case	_	_
48	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	50	det	_	_
49	native	native	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	50	amod	_	_
50	supply	supply	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	46	nmod	_	_
51	of	of	ADP	IN	_	53	case	_	_
52	winter	winter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	53	compound	_	_
53	food	food	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	50	nmod	_	_
54	in	in	ADP	IN	_	56	case	_	_
55	these	this	DET	DT	Number=Plur|PronType=Dem	56	det	_	_
56	parts	part	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	43	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
57	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cook** | participle |  | birds *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn cooking-45.3 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |
| 2 | **preserve** | participle |  |  |  | birds's own fat |  |  | vn defend-72.3 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **do up** | participle |  |  |  | kelp receptacles |  |  | vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **is** | present |  |  |  |  |  | as the way; bird industry in the Stewart Island to day *nmod* | tree rules |
| 5 | **form** | past | bird industry in the Stewart Island to day *not said here* | a large portion of the native supply of winter food |  | this parts |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location portion=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury, New Zealand» by James Cowan, Project Gutenberg book 73766 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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