---
title: So the tired and thirsting trail-parties, swagging it across the was… — Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury,… · tree and pragmatics
description: So the tired and thirsting trail-parties, swagging it across the wastes of tussock and cabbage trees, came to call the district “The Deceptive Plains of Waitaha,” for they discovered that it was unwise to rely upon springs and streams on the long tramp. Who acts: Plains, race. A sentence of «Maori f
---

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# Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury, New Zealand, The Port Hills and Their Names., sentence 94

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So the tired and thirsting trail-parties, swagging it across the wastes of tussock and cabbage trees, came to call the district “The Deceptive Plains of Waitaha,” for they discovered that it was unwise to rely upon springs and streams on the long tramp.

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**Who acts:** Plains, race · **What happens:** thirst, swag, come, call, discover, be · **To what, where:** trail parties, race, wastes, district · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury, New Zealand» by James Cowan, The Port Hills and Their Names.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Plains, race), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg73766:10:94
# text = So the tired and thirsting trail-parties, swagging it across the wastes of tussock and cabbage trees, came to call the district “The Deceptive Plains of Waitaha,” for they discovered that it was unwise to rely upon springs and streams on the long tramp.
1	So	so	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	tired	tired	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
4	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
5	thirsting	thirst	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	3	conj	_	_
6	trail	trail	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	6	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	parties	party	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
10	swagging	swag	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	5	conj	_	_
11	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	10	obj	_	_
12	across	across	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	wastes	waste	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	obl	_	_
15	of	of	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
16	tussock	tussock	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	nmod	_	_
17	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	19	cc	_	_
18	cabbage	cabbage	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	compound	_	_
19	trees	tree	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	14	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	21	punct	_	_
21	came	come	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
22	to	to	PART	TO	_	23	mark	_	_
23	call	call	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	21	xcomp	_	_
24	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	25	det	_	_
25	district	district	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	23	obj	_	_
26	“	"	PUNCT	``	_	29	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	29	det	_	_
28	Deceptive	deceptive	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	29	amod	_	_
29	Plains	Plain	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	23	xcomp	_	_
30	of	of	ADP	IN	_	31	case	_	_
31	Waitaha	Waitaha	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	29	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
32	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	29	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
33	”	"	PUNCT	''	_	21	punct	_	_
34	for	for	SCONJ	IN	_	36	mark	_	_
35	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	36	nsubj	_	_
36	discovered	discover	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	21	advcl	_	_
37	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	40	mark	_	_
38	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	40	nsubj	_	_
39	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	40	cop	_	_
40	unwise	unwise	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	36	xcomp	_	_
41	to	to	PART	TO	_	42	mark	_	_
42	rely	rely	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	40	advcl	_	_
43	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	44	case	_	_
44	springs	spring	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	42	obl	_	_
45	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	46	cc	_	_
46	streams	stream	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	44	conj	_	_
47	on	on	ADP	IN	_	50	case	_	_
48	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	50	det	_	_
49	long	long	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	50	amod	_	_
50	tramp	tramp	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	42	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
51	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **thirst** | gerund |  | trail parties |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **swag** | gerund |  | race |  | the wastes of tussock and cabbage trees |  |  | vn modes\_of\_being\_with\_motion-47.3 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location it=Theme |
| 3 | **come** | past |  |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 4 | **call** | to-infinitive |  | the district |  |  |  | the Deceptive Plains of Waitaha *xcomp* | vn initiate\_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent district=Recipient |
| 5 | **discover** | past | Plains *= plain* |  |  |  |  |  | vn discover-84-1 «NP V PP.topic S\_ING»: agent=Agent |
| 6 | **is** | past | race |  |  |  |  | unwise *property* | tree rules |
| 7 | **rely** | to-infinitive | race *not said here* |  |  |  | spring | on the long tramp | vn rely-70 «NP V PP.theme S\_ING»: agent=Agent on tramp=Theme |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury, New Zealand» by James Cowan, Project Gutenberg book 73766 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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