---
title: The Heathcote River, whose native name has been abbreviated to Opawa… — Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury,… · tree and pragmatics
description: The Heathcote River, whose native name has been abbreviated to Opawa, was originally the Opaawaho, which means “The outer, or seaward, _pa_,” otherwise “An outpost.” Who acts: Heathcote River, Opaawaho. A sentence of «Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury, New Zealand» by James Cowan, The P
---

<!-- md -->
[Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg73766/10/98/)

<!-- crumbs -->
[home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [tales](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/) / [Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Ca…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg73766/) / [The Port Hills and Their Names.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg73766/10/) / 98

# Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury, New Zealand, The Port Hills and Their Names., sentence 98

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The Heathcote River, whose native name has been abbreviated to Opawa, was originally the Opaawaho, which means “The outer, or seaward, \_pa\_,” otherwise “An outpost.”

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Heathcote River, Opaawaho · **What happens:** abbreviate, be, mean · **To what, where:** native name, Opawa, Opaawaho

<!-- .vabout -->
This is a sentence of «Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury, New Zealand» by James Cowan, The Port Hills and Their Names.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Heathcote River, Opaawaho), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

<!-- .note-en -->
**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg73766:10:98
# text = The Heathcote River, whose native name has been abbreviated to Opawa, was originally the Opaawaho, which means “The outer, or seaward, _pa_,” otherwise “An outpost.”
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	Heathcote	Heathcote	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	River	River	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	17	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
5	whose	whose	PRON	WP$	Poss=Yes|PronType=Rel	7	nmod:poss	_	_
6	native	native	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	name	name	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nsubj:pass	_	_
8	has	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	aux	_	_
9	been	be	AUX	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	10	aux:pass	_	_
10	abbreviated	abbreviate	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	acl:relcl	_	_
11	to	to	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	Opawa	Opawa	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	10	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
14	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	17	cop	_	_
15	originally	originally	ADV	RB	_	17	advmod	_	_
16	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	Opaawaho	Opaawaho	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	_
19	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	20	nsubj	_	_
20	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	17	parataxis	_	_
21	“	"	PUNCT	``	_	23	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	23	det	_	_
23	outer	outer	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	20	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	26	punct	_	_
25	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	26	cc	_	_
26	seaward	seaward	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	23	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	29	punct	_	_
28	_	_	PUNCT	NFP	_	29	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
29	pa	pa	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
30	_	_	PUNCT	NFP	_	36	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
31	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	30	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
32	”	"	PUNCT	''	_	30	punct	_	_
33	otherwise	otherwise	ADV	RB	_	36	advmod	_	_
34	“	"	PUNCT	``	_	36	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
35	An	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	36	det	_	_
36	outpost	outpost	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
37	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	36	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
38	”	"	PUNCT	''	_	36	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **abbreviate** | present · perfect · passive |  | native name | Opawa |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: subject=Patient |
| 2 | **is a** | past | the Heathcote River | the Opaawaho |  |  |  | pa *obl*; a outpost *appos*; originally *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **mean** | present | the Opaawaho |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** «Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury, New Zealand» by James Cowan, Project Gutenberg book 73766 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
- ← previous: [sentence 97](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg73766/10/97/)
- next →: [sentence 99](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg73766/10/99/)
- ↑ back to [The Port Hills and Their Names.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg73766/10/)