--- title: A tribe-section or _hapu_ of the Ngai-Tahu, about two hundred years… — Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury,… · tree and pragmatics description: A tribe-section or _hapu_ of the Ngai-Tahu, about two hundred years ago, built a village on the left bank of the river, on a spot slightly elevated above the surrounding swampy country; the exact spot must have been close to the present Opawa Railway Station. Who acts: tribe section. A sentence of « --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg73766/10/99/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [tales](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/) / [Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Ca…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg73766/) / [The Port Hills and Their Names.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg73766/10/) / 99 # Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury, New Zealand, The Port Hills and Their Names., sentence 99 A tribe-section or \_hapu\_ of the Ngai-Tahu, about two hundred years ago, built a village on the left bank of the river, on a spot slightly elevated above the surrounding swampy country; the exact spot must have been close to the present Opawa Railway Station. **Who acts:** tribe section · **What happens:** build, elevate, have, be · **To what, where:** village, left bank, spot, surrounding This is a sentence of «Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury, New Zealand» by James Cowan, The Port Hills and Their Names.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (tribe section), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. **Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = book:pg73766:10:99 # text = A tribe-section or _hapu_ of the Ngai-Tahu, about two hundred years ago, built a village on the left bank of the river, on a spot slightly elevated above the surrounding swampy country; the exact spot must have been close to the present Opawa Railway Station. 1 A a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 4 det _ _ 2 tribe tribe NOUN NN Number=Sing 4 compound _ SpaceAfter=No 3 - - PUNCT HYPH _ 2 punct _ SpaceAfter=No 4 section section NOUN NN Number=Sing 21 nsubj _ _ 5 or or CCONJ CC _ 7 cc _ _ 6 _ _ PUNCT NFP _ 7 punct _ SpaceAfter=No 7 hapu hapu NOUN NN Number=Sing 4 conj _ SpaceAfter=No 8 _ _ PUNCT NFP _ 21 punct _ _ 9 of of ADP IN _ 13 case _ _ 10 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 13 det _ _ 11 Ngai Ngai PROPN NNP Number=Sing 13 compound _ SpaceAfter=No 12 - - PUNCT HYPH _ 13 punct _ SpaceAfter=No 13 Tahu Tahu PROPN NNP Number=Sing 21 obl _ SpaceAfter=No 14 , , PUNCT , _ 18 punct _ _ 15 about about ADV RB _ 17 advmod _ _ 16 two two NUM CD NumForm=Word|NumType=Card 17 compound _ _ 17 hundred hundred NUM CD NumForm=Word|NumType=Card 18 nummod _ _ 18 years year NOUN NNS Number=Plur 13 parataxis _ _ 19 ago ago ADV RB _ 18 advmod _ SpaceAfter=No 20 , , PUNCT , _ 13 punct _ _ 21 built build VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 22 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 23 det _ _ 23 village village NOUN NN Number=Sing 21 obj _ _ 24 on on ADP IN _ 27 case _ _ 25 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 27 det _ _ 26 left left ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 27 amod _ _ 27 bank bank NOUN NN Number=Sing 21 obl _ _ 28 of of ADP IN _ 30 case _ _ 29 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 30 det _ _ 30 river river NOUN NN Number=Sing 27 nmod _ SpaceAfter=No 31 , , PUNCT , _ 34 punct _ _ 32 on on ADP IN _ 34 case _ _ 33 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 34 det _ _ 34 spot spot NOUN NN Number=Sing 21 obl _ _ 35 slightly slightly ADV RB _ 36 advmod _ _ 36 elevated elevate VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 34 acl _ _ 37 above above ADP IN _ 39 case _ _ 38 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 39 det _ _ 39 surrounding surrounding NOUN NN Number=Sing 36 obl _ _ 40 swampy swampy ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 41 amod _ _ 41 country country NOUN NN Number=Sing 39 conj _ SpaceAfter=No 42 ; ; PUNCT , _ 46 punct _ _ 43 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 45 det _ _ 44 exact exact ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 45 amod _ _ 45 spot spot NOUN NN Number=Sing 46 nsubj _ _ 46 must must AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 21 parataxis _ _ 47 have have VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 46 xcomp _ _ 48 been be AUX VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part 49 cop _ _ 49 close close ADV RB Degree=Pos 47 xcomp _ _ 50 to to ADP IN _ 52 case _ _ 51 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 52 det _ _ 52 present present NOUN NN Number=Sing 49 obl _ _ 53 Opawa Opawa PROPN NNP Number=Sing 55 compound _ _ 54 Railway Railway PROPN NNP Number=Sing 55 compound _ _ 55 Station Station PROPN NNP Number=Sing 52 appos _ SpaceAfter=No 56 . . PUNCT . _ 21 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **build** | past | a tribe section or hapu | a village | | the left bank of the river | | of the Ngai Tahu hundred years; on a spot | vn base-97.1 «NP V NP PP.source»: agent=Agent village=Theme on bank=Source | | 2 | **elevate** | participle | | a spot *not said here* | | the surrounding and swampy country | | slightly *property* | vn put\_direction-9.4 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent above surrounding=Destination | | 3 | **have** | infinitive | a tribe section or hapu *not said here* | | | | | | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | | 4 | **is** | participle | a tribe section or hapu *not said here* | | | | | to the present; close *property* | tree rules | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Text:** «Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury, New Zealand» by James Cowan, Project Gutenberg book 73766 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order. - ← previous: [sentence 98](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg73766/10/98/) - next →: [sentence 100](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg73766/10/100/) - ↑ back to [The Port Hills and Their Names.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg73766/10/)