---
title: The saying that the best place to see the mountains is from below, n… — Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury,… · tree and pragmatics
description: The saying that the best place to see the mountains is from below, not from their summits, may properly be qualified in its application to our Port Hills by the opinion that the finest view of the craggy range of old volcanic upjuts is that to be had from a few hundred feet below the range crest, on
---

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# Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury, New Zealand, “the Crest of the Rainbow.”, sentence 1

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The saying that the best place to see the mountains is from below, not from their summits, may properly be qualified in its application to our Port Hills by the opinion that the finest view of the craggy range of old volcanic upjuts is that to be had from a few hundred feet below the range crest, on the Lyttelton Harbour side.

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**Who acts:** best place, place · **What happens:** see, be, apply, view · **To what, where:** mountains, application, finest view, few hundred feet, saying, craggy range

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This is a sentence of «Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury, New Zealand» by James Cowan, “the Crest of the Rainbow.”. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (best place, place), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg73766:11:1
# text = The saying that the best place to see the mountains is from below, not from their summits, may properly be qualified in its application to our Port Hills by the opinion that the finest view of the craggy range of old volcanic upjuts is that to be had from a few hundred feet below the range crest, on the Lyttelton Harbour side.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	saying	saying	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	13	mark	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	best	good	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	6	amod	_	_
6	place	place	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	nsubj	_	_
7	to	to	PART	TO	_	8	mark	_	_
8	see	see	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	acl	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	mountains	mountain	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obj	_	_
11	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	13	cop	_	_
12	from	from	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
13	below	below	ADV	RB	_	2	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
15	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	18	advmod	_	_
16	from	from	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
17	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	18	nmod:poss	_	_
18	summits	summit	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	13	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	23	punct	_	_
20	may	may	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	23	aux	_	_
21	properly	properly	ADV	RB	_	23	advmod	_	_
22	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	23	cop	_	_
23	qualified	qualified	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	conj	_	_
24	in	in	ADP	IN	_	26	case	_	_
25	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	26	nmod:poss	_	_
26	application	application	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	23	obl	_	_
27	to	to	ADP	IN	_	30	case	_	_
28	our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	30	nmod:poss	_	_
29	Port	Port	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	30	compound	_	_
30	Hills	hill	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	26	nmod	_	_
31	by	by	ADP	IN	_	33	case	_	_
32	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	33	det	_	_
33	opinion	opinion	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	23	obl	_	_
34	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	50	mark	_	_
35	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	37	det	_	_
36	finest	fine	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	37	amod	_	_
37	view	view	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	50	nsubj	_	_
38	of	of	ADP	IN	_	41	case	_	_
39	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	41	det	_	_
40	craggy	craggy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	41	amod	_	_
41	range	range	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	37	nmod	_	_
42	of	of	ADP	IN	_	45	case	_	_
43	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	45	amod	_	_
44	volcanic	volcanic	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	45	amod	_	_
45	upjuts	upjut	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	41	nmod	_	_
46	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	50	cop	_	_
47	that	that	PRON	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	50	nsubj	_	_
48	to	to	PART	TO	_	50	mark	_	_
49	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	50	aux:pass	_	_
50	had	have	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	33	acl:relcl	_	_
51	from	from	ADP	IN	_	55	case	_	_
52	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	55	det	_	_
53	few	few	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	55	amod	_	_
54	hundred	hundred	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	55	nummod	_	_
55	feet	foot	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	50	obl	_	_
56	below	below	ADP	IN	_	59	case	_	_
57	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	59	det	_	_
58	range	range	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	59	compound	_	_
59	crest	crest	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	55	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
60	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	65	punct	_	_
61	on	on	ADP	IN	_	65	case	_	_
62	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	65	det	_	_
63	Lyttelton	Lyttelton	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	64	compound	_	_
64	Harbour	Harbour	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	65	compound	_	_
65	side	side	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	59	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
66	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **see** | to-infinitive | the best place *not said here* | the mountains |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer mountain=Stimulus |
| 2 | **is** | present | the best place |  |  |  |  | mountains's summits *conj*; below *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **is** | may |  |  |  | place's application to our Port Hills |  | by the opinion; properly, qualified *property* | tree rules |
| 4 | **is** | present · passive |  | the finest view of the craggy range of old volcanic upjuts |  | a few hundred feet below the range crest and the Harbour side |  | the opinion *nsubj*; have *property* | tree rules |
| 6 | **apply** |  | place |  |  |  |  | to our Port Hills | nom application «act intransitive»: poss=agent to=obl |
| 7 | **view** |  |  | the craggy range of old volcanic upjuts |  |  |  |  | nom view «cognition transitive»: of=patient |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury, New Zealand» by James Cowan, Project Gutenberg book 73766 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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