---
title: The valley is more attractive outside, for almost every vestige of t… — Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury,… · tree and pragmatics
description: The valley is more attractive outside, for almost every vestige of the moss and ferns and underbrush has disappeared before grazing stock and the Who acts: valley, vestige. A sentence of «Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury, New Zealand» by James Cowan, “the Crest of the Rainbow.”, with i
---

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# Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury, New Zealand, “the Crest of the Rainbow.”, sentence 13

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The valley is more attractive outside, for almost every vestige of the moss and ferns and underbrush has disappeared before grazing stock and the

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**Who acts:** valley, vestige · **What happens:** be, disappear, graze · **To what, where:** stock

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This is a sentence of «Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury, New Zealand» by James Cowan, “the Crest of the Rainbow.”. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (valley, vestige), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg73766:11:13
# text = The valley is more attractive outside, for almost every vestige of the moss and ferns and underbrush has disappeared before grazing stock and the
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	valley	valley	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	more	more	ADV	RBR	Degree=Cmp	5	advmod	_	_
5	attractive	attractive	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
6	outside	outside	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
8	for	for	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
9	almost	almost	ADV	RB	_	11	advmod	_	_
10	every	every	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	11	det	_	_
11	vestige	vestige	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	nsubj	_	_
12	of	of	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	moss	moss	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nmod	_	_
15	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
16	ferns	fern	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	14	conj	_	_
17	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	18	cc	_	_
18	underbrush	underbrush	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	conj	_	_
19	has	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	20	aux	_	_
20	disappeared	disappear	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	5	parataxis	_	_
21	before	before	SCONJ	IN	_	22	mark	_	_
22	grazing	graze	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	20	advcl	_	_
23	stock	stock	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	obj	_	_
24	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	25	cc	_	_
25	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	conj	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | the valley |  |  |  |  | attractive, outside *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **disappear** | present · perfect | every vestige of the moss and ferns and underbrush |  |  |  |  |  | vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **graze** | gerund | every vestige of the moss and ferns and underbrush *not said here* | stock |  |  |  |  | vn touch-20-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent stock=Experiencer |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury, New Zealand» by James Cowan, Project Gutenberg book 73766 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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