---
title: sudden torrents that have poured down from the ridge to make the lit… — Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury,… · tree and pragmatics
description: sudden torrents that have poured down from the ridge to make the little storm-creek flowing into the harbour beside the grassy mound of Pa-rakiraki. Who acts: little storm creek. A sentence of «Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury, New Zealand» by James Cowan, “the Crest of the Rainbow.”, 
---

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# Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury, New Zealand, “the Crest of the Rainbow.”, sentence 16

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sudden torrents that have poured down from the ridge to make the little storm-creek flowing into the harbour beside the grassy mound of Pa-rakiraki.

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**Who acts:** little storm creek · **What happens:** pour down, make, flow · **To what, where:** sudden torrents, ridge, little storm creek, harbour

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This is a sentence of «Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury, New Zealand» by James Cowan, “the Crest of the Rainbow.”. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (little storm creek), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg73766:11:16
# text = sudden torrents that have poured down from the ridge to make the little storm-creek flowing into the harbour beside the grassy mound of Pa-rakiraki.
1	sudden	sudden	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	torrents	torrent	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
3	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	5	nsubj:pass	_	_
4	have	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	_
5	poured	pour	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	acl:relcl	_	_
6	down	down	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
7	from	from	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	ridge	ridge	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
10	to	to	PART	TO	_	11	mark	_	_
11	make	make	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	advcl	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
13	little	little	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	16	amod	_	_
14	storm	storm	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	14	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	creek	creek	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obj	_	_
17	flowing	flow	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	16	acl	_	_
18	into	into	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
19	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
20	harbour	harbour	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	obl	_	_
21	beside	beside	ADP	IN	_	24	case	_	_
22	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	24	det	_	_
23	grassy	grassy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	24	amod	_	_
24	mound	mound	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	obl	_	_
25	of	of	ADP	IN	_	28	case	_	_
26	Pa	Pa	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	28	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	28	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	rakiraki	rakiraki	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	24	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
29	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **pour down** | present · perfect · passive |  | sudden torrents |  | the ridge |  | down *property* | vn pour-9.5 «NP V NP PP.initial\_location PP.destination»: subject=Theme from ridge=Initial\_Location |
| 2 | **make** | to-infinitive |  | the little storm creek |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset creek=Product |
| 3 | **flow** | gerund | the little storm creek *not said here* |  |  | the harbour |  | beside the grassy mound of Pa rakiraki | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme beside mound=Location |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury, New Zealand» by James Cowan, Project Gutenberg book 73766 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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