--- title: The lava-builded, notched and caverned walls of the Sugarloaf shoot… — Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury,… · tree and pragmatics description: The lava-builded, notched and caverned walls of the Sugarloaf shoot up above us just here like a parapet, in regularly marked layers; tufts of flax and tussock and wiry veronica beard the face of the old fire-cliffs. Who acts: lava, walls, tufts. A sentence of «Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Ca --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg73766/11/17/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [tales](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/) / [Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Ca…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg73766/) / [“the Crest of the Rainbow.”](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg73766/11/) / 17 # Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury, New Zealand, “the Crest of the Rainbow.”, sentence 17 The lava-builded, notched and caverned walls of the Sugarloaf shoot up above us just here like a parapet, in regularly marked layers; tufts of flax and tussock and wiry veronica beard the face of the old fire-cliffs. **Who acts:** lava, walls, tufts · **What happens:** builde, notch, cavern, shoot up, mark, beard · **To what, where:** lava, marked layers, face This is a sentence of «Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury, New Zealand» by James Cowan, “the Crest of the Rainbow.”. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (lava, walls, tufts), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. **Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = book:pg73766:11:17 # text = The lava-builded, notched and caverned walls of the Sugarloaf shoot up above us just here like a parapet, in regularly marked layers; tufts of flax and tussock and wiry veronica beard the face of the old fire-cliffs. 1 The the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 2 det _ _ 2 lava lava NOUN NN Number=Sing 6 nsubj _ SpaceAfter=No 3 - - PUNCT HYPH _ 4 punct _ SpaceAfter=No 4 builded builde VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 2 acl _ SpaceAfter=No 5 , , PUNCT , _ 2 punct _ _ 6 notched notch VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 7 and and CCONJ CC _ 8 cc _ _ 8 caverned cavern VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 6 conj _ _ 9 walls wall NOUN NNS Number=Plur 13 nsubj _ _ 10 of of ADP IN _ 12 case _ _ 11 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 12 det _ _ 12 Sugarloaf Sugarloaf PROPN NNP Number=Sing 9 nmod _ _ 13 shoot shoot VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 8 ccomp _ _ 14 up up ADP RP _ 13 compound:prt _ _ 15 above above ADP IN _ 16 case _ _ 16 us we PRON PRP Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs 13 obl _ _ 17 just just ADV RB _ 18 advmod _ _ 18 here here ADV RB PronType=Dem 13 advmod _ _ 19 like like ADP IN _ 21 case _ _ 20 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 21 det _ _ 21 parapet parapet NOUN NN Number=Sing 18 obl _ SpaceAfter=No 22 , , PUNCT , _ 26 punct _ _ 23 in in ADP IN _ 26 case _ _ 24 regularly regularly ADV RB _ 25 advmod _ _ 25 marked mark VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 26 amod _ _ 26 layers layer NOUN NNS Number=Plur 13 obl _ SpaceAfter=No 27 ; ; PUNCT : _ 28 punct _ _ 28 tufts tuft NOUN NNS Number=Plur 36 nsubj _ _ 29 of of ADP IN _ 30 case _ _ 30 flax flax NOUN NN Number=Sing 28 nmod _ _ 31 and and CCONJ CC _ 32 cc _ _ 32 tussock tussock NOUN NN Number=Sing 30 conj _ _ 33 and and CCONJ CC _ 35 cc _ _ 34 wiry wiry ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 35 amod _ _ 35 veronica veronica NOUN NN Number=Sing 30 conj _ _ 36 beard beard VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 6 ccomp _ _ 37 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 38 det _ _ 38 face face NOUN NN Number=Sing 36 obj _ _ 39 of of ADP IN _ 44 case _ _ 40 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 44 det _ _ 41 old old ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 44 amod _ _ 42 fire fire NOUN NN Number=Sing 44 compound _ SpaceAfter=No 43 - - PUNCT HYPH _ 42 punct _ SpaceAfter=No 44 cliffs cliff NOUN NNS Number=Plur 38 nmod _ SpaceAfter=No 45 . . PUNCT . _ 6 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **builde** | participle | | the lava *not said here* | | | | | tree rules | | 2 | **notch** | past | the lava | | | | | | tree rules | | 3 | **cavern** | past | the lava *not said here* | | | | | | tree rules | | 4 | **shoot up** | present | walls of the Sugarloaf | | | marked layers; here | | above us | vn eat-39.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 5 | **mark** | participle | | | | | | regularly *property* | vn image\_impression-25.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 6 | **beard** | present | tufts of flax and tussock and wiry veronica | the face of the old fire cliffs | | | | | vn pit-10.7 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent face=Source | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Text:** «Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury, New Zealand» by James Cowan, Project Gutenberg book 73766 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order. - ← previous: [sentence 16](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg73766/11/16/) - next →: [sentence 18](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg73766/11/18/) - ↑ back to [“the Crest of the Rainbow.”](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg73766/11/)