---
title: When Waitai and his companions emerged from the bush and topped the… — Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury,… · tree and pragmatics
description: When Waitai and his companions emerged from the bush and topped the lofty round of the range, he halted, and bade them look out over the wide, silent country. Who acts: Waitai. A sentence of «Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury, New Zealand» by James Cowan, “the Crest of the Rainbow.”, wi
---

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# Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury, New Zealand, “the Crest of the Rainbow.”, sentence 23

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When Waitai and his companions emerged from the bush and topped the lofty round of the range, he halted, and bade them look out over the wide, silent country.

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**Who acts:** Waitai · **What happens:** emerge, top, halt, look out · **To what, where:** bush, lofty round, bade, wide silent country

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This is a sentence of «Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury, New Zealand» by James Cowan, “the Crest of the Rainbow.”. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Waitai), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg73766:11:23
# text = When Waitai and his companions emerged from the bush and topped the lofty round of the range, he halted, and bade them look out over the wide, silent country.
1	When	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	6	advmod	_	_
2	Waitai	Waitai	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
4	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	5	nmod:poss	_	_
5	companions	companion	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	conj	_	_
6	emerged	emerge	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	20	advcl	_	_
7	from	from	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	bush	bush	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	_
10	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
11	topped	top	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	conj	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
13	lofty	lofty	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	amod	_	_
14	round	round	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obj	_	_
15	of	of	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
16	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	range	range	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
19	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	20	nsubj	_	_
20	halted	halt	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	25	punct	_	_
22	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	25	cc	_	_
23	bade	bade	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	25	obl	_	_
24	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	23	obj	_	_
25	look	look	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Typo=Yes|VerbForm=Fin	20	conj	_	_
26	out	out	ADV	RB	_	25	advmod	_	_
27	over	over	ADP	IN	_	32	case	_	_
28	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	32	det	_	_
29	wide	wide	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	32	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
30	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	29	punct	_	_
31	silent	silent	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	32	amod	_	_
32	country	country	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	25	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
33	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	20	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **emerge** | past | Waitai and Waitai's companions |  |  | the bush |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme from bush=Initial\_Location |
| 2 | **top** | past | Waitai and Waitai's companions *not said here* | the lofty round of the range |  |  |  |  | vn contiguous\_location-47.8 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme round=Co-Theme |
| 3 | **halt** | past | Waitai |  |  |  |  |  | vn stop-55.4-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality |
| 4 | **look out** | present | Waitai *not said here* | bade  companions |  | the wide silent country |  | out *property* | vn caring-75.2-2 «NP V PP»: agent=Agent |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury, New Zealand» by James Cowan, Project Gutenberg book 73766 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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