--- title: A little lower and we are in the bush, taking care as we enter it to… — Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury,… · tree and pragmatics description: A little lower and we are in the bush, taking care as we enter it to give a wide berth to the insinuating Maori nettle, the _ongaonga_, with its unhealthy-looking light-coloured leaves covered with a thick growth of fine spines or hairs. Who acts: we, fine spines. A sentence of «Maori folk-tales of --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg73766/11/34/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [tales](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/) / [Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Ca…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg73766/) / [“the Crest of the Rainbow.”](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg73766/11/) / 34 # Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury, New Zealand, “the Crest of the Rainbow.”, sentence 34 A little lower and we are in the bush, taking care as we enter it to give a wide berth to the insinuating Maori nettle, the \_ongaonga\_, with its unhealthy-looking light-coloured leaves covered with a thick growth of fine spines or hairs. **Who acts:** we, fine spines · **What happens:** be, take, enter, give, insinuate, look · **To what, where:** bush, care, wide berth, insinuating Maori nettle, coloured leaves This is a sentence of «Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury, New Zealand» by James Cowan, “the Crest of the Rainbow.”. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (we, fine spines), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. **Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = book:pg73766:11:34 # text = A little lower and we are in the bush, taking care as we enter it to give a wide berth to the insinuating Maori nettle, the _ongaonga_, with its unhealthy-looking light-coloured leaves covered with a thick growth of fine spines or hairs. 1 A a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 2 det _ _ 2 little little ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 3 obl:unmarked _ _ 3 lower low ADJ JJR Degree=Cmp 0 root _ _ 4 and and CCONJ CC _ 9 cc _ _ 5 we we PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs 9 nsubj _ _ 6 are be AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 9 cop _ _ 7 in in ADP IN _ 9 case _ _ 8 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 9 det _ _ 9 bush bush NOUN NN Number=Sing 3 conj _ SpaceAfter=No 10 , , PUNCT , _ 11 punct _ _ 11 taking take VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 9 conj _ _ 12 care care NOUN NN Number=Sing 11 obj _ _ 13 as as SCONJ IN _ 15 mark _ _ 14 we we PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs 15 nsubj _ _ 15 enter enter VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 11 advcl _ _ 16 it it PRON PRP Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 15 obj _ _ 17 to to PART TO _ 18 mark _ _ 18 give give VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 15 xcomp _ _ 19 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 21 det _ _ 20 wide wide ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 21 amod _ _ 21 berth berth NOUN NN Number=Sing 18 obj _ _ 22 to to ADP IN _ 26 case _ _ 23 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 26 det _ _ 24 insinuating insinuate VERB VBG VerbForm=Ger 26 amod _ _ 25 Maori maori NOUN NN Number=Sing 26 compound _ _ 26 nettle nettle NOUN NN Number=Sing 18 obl _ SpaceAfter=No 27 , , PUNCT , _ 30 punct _ _ 28 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 30 det _ _ 29 _ _ PUNCT NFP _ 30 punct _ SpaceAfter=No 30 ongaonga ongaonga NOUN NN Number=Sing 26 appos _ SpaceAfter=No 31 _ _ PUNCT NFP _ 30 punct _ SpaceAfter=No 32 , , PUNCT , _ 37 punct _ _ 33 with with SCONJ IN _ 37 mark _ _ 34 its its PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 37 nmod:poss _ _ 35 unhealthy unhealthy ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 37 compound _ SpaceAfter=No 36 - - PUNCT HYPH _ 35 punct _ SpaceAfter=No 37 looking look VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 11 conj _ _ 38 light light NOUN NN Number=Sing 40 compound _ SpaceAfter=No 39 - - PUNCT HYPH _ 38 punct _ SpaceAfter=No 40 coloured coloured ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 41 amod _ _ 41 leaves leaf NOUN NNS Number=Plur 37 obj _ _ 42 covered cover VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 41 acl _ _ 43 with with ADP IN _ 46 case _ _ 44 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 46 det _ _ 45 thick thick ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 46 amod _ _ 46 growth growth NOUN NN Number=Sing 42 obl _ _ 47 of of ADP IN _ 49 case _ _ 48 fine fine ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 49 amod _ _ 49 spines spine NOUN NNS Number=Plur 46 nmod _ _ 50 or or CCONJ CC _ 51 cc _ _ 51 hairs hair NOUN NNS Number=Plur 49 conj _ SpaceAfter=No 52 . . PUNCT . _ 3 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **is** | present | we | | | the bush | | | tree rules | | 2 | **take** | gerund | we *not said here* | care | | | | | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent care=Theme | | 3 | **enter** | present | we | care | | | | | tree rules | | 4 | **give** | to-infinitive | we *not said here* | a wide berth | the insinuating Maori nettle | | | | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent berth=Theme to nettle=Recipient | | 5 | **insinuate** *speech: other* | gerund | | | | | | | vn say-37.7-1 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent | | 6 | **look** | gerund | we *not said here* | coloured leaves | | | | ongaonga *nmod:poss* | vn seem-109-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme leaf=Attribute | | 7 | **cover** | participle | | coloured leaves *not said here* | | | | with a thick growth of fine spines or hairs | vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP PP.theme»: agent=Agent with growth=Theme | | 9 | **grow** | | fine spines or hairs | | | | | | nom growth «process intransitive»: of=agent | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Text:** «Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury, New Zealand» by James Cowan, Project Gutenberg book 73766 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order. - ← previous: [sentence 33](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg73766/11/33/) - next →: [sentence 35](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg73766/11/35/) - ↑ back to [“the Crest of the Rainbow.”](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg73766/11/)