---
title: Two of them went mad with the poisonous stings, which swelled their… — Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury,… · tree and pragmatics
description: Two of them went mad with the poisonous stings, which swelled their sides and legs, and a pack-horse actually drowned itself by bolting into a creek and lying down in the water in its desperate need of ease from the pain. Who acts: Two, poisonous stings, pack horse, creek. A sentence of «Maori folk-
---

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# Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury, New Zealand, “the Crest of the Rainbow.”, sentence 38

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Two of them went mad with the poisonous stings, which swelled their sides and legs, and a pack-horse actually drowned itself by bolting into a creek and lying down in the water in its desperate need of ease from the pain.

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**Who acts:** Two, poisonous stings, pack horse, creek · **What happens:** go, swell, drown, bolt, lie down, need · **To what, where:** sides, side, creek, water, ease

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This is a sentence of «Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury, New Zealand» by James Cowan, “the Crest of the Rainbow.”. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Two, poisonous stings, pack horse, creek), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg73766:11:38
# text = Two of them went mad with the poisonous stings, which swelled their sides and legs, and a pack-horse actually drowned itself by bolting into a creek and lying down in the water in its desperate need of ease from the pain.
1	Two	two	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	4	nsubj	_	_
2	of	of	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
3	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	1	nmod	_	_
4	went	go	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	mad	mad	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	xcomp	_	_
6	with	with	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	poisonous	poisonous	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	stings	sting	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
11	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	12	nsubj	_	_
12	swelled	swell	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	9	acl:relcl	_	_
13	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	14	nmod:poss	_	_
14	sides	side	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	obj	_	_
15	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
16	legs	leg	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	14	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	24	punct	_	_
18	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	24	cc	_	_
19	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	22	det	_	_
20	pack	pack	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	20	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	horse	horse	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	24	nsubj	_	_
23	actually	actually	ADV	RB	_	24	advmod	_	_
24	drowned	drown	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	conj	_	_
25	itself	itself	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes	24	obj	_	_
26	by	by	SCONJ	IN	_	27	mark	_	_
27	bolting	bolt	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	24	advcl	_	_
28	into	into	ADP	IN	_	30	case	_	_
29	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	30	det	_	_
30	creek	creek	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	27	obl	_	_
31	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	32	cc	_	_
32	lying	lie	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	27	conj	_	_
33	down	down	ADV	RB	_	32	advmod	_	_
34	in	in	ADP	IN	_	36	case	_	_
35	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	36	det	_	_
36	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	32	obl	_	_
37	in	in	ADP	IN	_	40	case	_	_
38	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	40	nmod:poss	_	_
39	desperate	desperate	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	40	amod	_	_
40	need	need	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	32	obl	_	_
41	of	of	ADP	IN	_	42	case	_	_
42	ease	ease	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	40	nmod	_	_
43	from	from	ADP	IN	_	45	case	_	_
44	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	45	det	_	_
45	pain	pain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	42	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
46	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **go** | past | Two of horses |  |  |  |  | mad *property* | vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **swell** | past | the poisonous stings | horses's sides and legs |  |  |  |  | vn calibratable\_cos-45.6.1-1 «NP.patient V NP.extent PP.source PP.goal»: agent=Patient side=Extent |
| 3 | **drown** | past | a pack horse | side |  |  |  | actually *property* | vn poison-42.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent itself=Patient |
| 4 | **bolt** | gerund | a pack horse *not said here* |  |  | a creek |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme into creek=Initial\_Location |
| 5 | **lie down** | gerund | a pack horse *not said here* |  |  | the water |  | in creek's desperate need of ease from the pain; down *property* | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent in water=Location |
| 6 | **need** |  | creek | ease from the pain |  |  |  |  | nom need «state transitive»: poss=agent of=patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury, New Zealand» by James Cowan, Project Gutenberg book 73766 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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