---
title: _Totara_ of some size, we observe, once grew here; there is the tall… — Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury,… · tree and pragmatics
description: _Totara_ of some size, we observe, once grew here; there is the tall, smooth barrel of a tree now dead. Who acts: we, tall smooth barrel. A sentence of «Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury, New Zealand» by James Cowan, “the Crest of the Rainbow.”, with its dependency tree and the pragmati
---

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# Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury, New Zealand, “the Crest of the Rainbow.”, sentence 67

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\_Totara\_ of some size, we observe, once grew here; there is the tall, smooth barrel of a tree now dead.

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**Who acts:** we, tall smooth barrel · **What happens:** observe, grow, be · **To what, where:** Totara

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This is a sentence of «Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury, New Zealand» by James Cowan, “the Crest of the Rainbow.”. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (we, tall smooth barrel), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg73766:11:67
# text = _Totara_ of some size, we observe, once grew here; there is the tall, smooth barrel of a tree now dead.
1	_	_	PUNCT	NFP	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Totara	Totara	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	_	_	PUNCT	NFP	_	2	punct	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	some	some	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	6	det	_	_
6	size	size	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
8	we	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	9	nsubj	_	_
9	observe	observe	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
11	once	once	ADV	RB	NumForm=Word|NumType=Mult	12	advmod	_	_
12	grew	grow	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	9	conj	_	_
13	here	here	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	12	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	16	punct	_	_
15	there	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	16	expl	_	_
16	is	be	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	conj	_	_
17	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	21	det	_	_
18	tall	tall	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	21	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
20	smooth	smooth	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	21	amod	_	_
21	barrel	barrel	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	nsubj	_	_
22	of	of	ADP	IN	_	24	case	_	_
23	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	24	det	_	_
24	tree	tree	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	nmod	_	_
25	now	now	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	26	advmod	_	_
26	dead	dead	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	24	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **observe** | present | we | Totara of some size |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **grow** | past | we *not said here* |  |  | here |  | once *property* | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **be** | present | the tall smooth barrel of a tree |  |  | there |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury, New Zealand» by James Cowan, Project Gutenberg book 73766 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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