---
title: In the deep gullies between the spear-head and the ridge of the Sacr… — Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury,… · tree and pragmatics
description: In the deep gullies between the spear-head and the ridge of the Sacred Fire the smoky-blue mists are already forming, and wreathing and creeping around the tangled shrubberies of bush that have escaped the general massacre. Who acts: blue mists. A sentence of «Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Can
---

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# Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury, New Zealand, Rapaki: a Village By the Sea., sentence 105

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In the deep gullies between the spear-head and the ridge of the Sacred Fire the smoky-blue mists are already forming, and wreathing and creeping around the tangled shrubberies of bush that have escaped the general massacre.

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**Who acts:** blue mists · **What happens:** form, wreath, creep, escape · **To what, where:** ridge, tangled shrubberies, bush, deep gullies

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This is a sentence of «Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury, New Zealand» by James Cowan, Rapaki: a Village By the Sea.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (blue mists), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg73766:12:105
# text = In the deep gullies between the spear-head and the ridge of the Sacred Fire the smoky-blue mists are already forming, and wreathing and creeping around the tangled shrubberies of bush that have escaped the general massacre.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
3	deep	deep	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	gullies	gully	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
5	between	between	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
7	spear	spear	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	7	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	head	head	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	_
10	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	ridge	ridge	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	conj	_	_
13	of	of	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
15	Sacred	Sacred	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	16	compound	_	_
16	Fire	Fire	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	24	obl	_	_
17	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	21	det	_	_
18	smoky	smoky	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	20	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	18	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	blue	blue	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	21	amod	_	_
21	mists	mist	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	24	nsubj	_	_
22	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	24	aux	_	_
23	already	already	ADV	RB	_	24	advmod	_	_
24	forming	form	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	12	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	27	punct	_	_
26	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	27	cc	_	_
27	wreathing	wreath	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	24	conj	_	_
28	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	29	cc	_	_
29	creeping	creep	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	24	conj	_	_
30	around	around	ADP	IN	_	33	case	_	_
31	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	33	det	_	_
32	tangled	tangled	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	33	amod	_	_
33	shrubberies	shrubbery	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	29	obl	_	_
34	of	of	ADP	IN	_	35	case	_	_
35	bush	bush	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	33	nmod	_	_
36	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	38	nsubj:pass	_	_
37	have	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	38	aux	_	_
38	escaped	escape	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	35	acl:relcl	_	_
39	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	41	det	_	_
40	general	general	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	41	amod	_	_
41	massacre	massacre	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	38	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
42	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **form** | present · progressive | the blue mists | the ridge *not said here* |  |  |  | of the Sacred Fire | vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location ridge=Theme |
| 2 | **wreath** | gerund | the blue mists *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **creep** | gerund | the blue mists *not said here* |  |  | the tangled shrubberies of bush |  |  | vn run-51.3.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme around shrubbery=Trajectory |
| 4 | **escape** | present · perfect · passive |  | bush |  |  |  | the general massacre *obj* | tree rules |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury, New Zealand» by James Cowan, Project Gutenberg book 73766 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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