---
title: The young people are so Anglicised that they use the _pakeha_ tongue… — Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury,… · tree and pragmatics
description: The young people are so Anglicised that they use the _pakeha_ tongue chiefly; the older ones only cling to Maori among themselves. Who acts: people, older ones. A sentence of «Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury, New Zealand» by James Cowan, Rapaki: a Village By the Sea., with its depende
---

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# Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury, New Zealand, Rapaki: a Village By the Sea., sentence 11

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The young people are so Anglicised that they use the \_pakeha\_ tongue chiefly; the older ones only cling to Maori among themselves.

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**Who acts:** people, older ones · **What happens:** anglicise, use, cling · **To what, where:** young people, \_ pakeha, Maori

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This is a sentence of «Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury, New Zealand» by James Cowan, Rapaki: a Village By the Sea.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (people, older ones), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg73766:12:11
# text = The young people are so Anglicised that they use the _pakeha_ tongue chiefly; the older ones only cling to Maori among themselves.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	young	young	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nsubj	_	_
4	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	aux:pass	_	_
5	so	so	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
6	Anglicised	anglicise	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
7	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	9	mark	_	_
8	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	9	nsubj	_	_
9	use	use	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	advcl	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
11	_	_	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	pakeha	pakeha	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	_	_	PUNCT	NFP	_	14	punct	_	_
14	tongue	tongue	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	_
15	chiefly	chiefly	ADV	RB	_	9	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	21	punct	_	_
17	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
18	older	old	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	19	amod	_	_
19	ones	one	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	21	nsubj	_	_
20	only	only	ADV	RB	_	21	advmod	_	_
21	cling	cling	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	conj	_	_
22	to	to	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
23	Maori	Maori	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	21	obl	_	_
24	among	among	ADP	IN	_	25	case	_	_
25	themselves	themselves	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes	21	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **anglicise** | present · passive |  | the young people |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **use** | present | people | the \_ pakeha |  |  |  | tongue *obl*; chiefly *property* | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent pakeha=Patient |
| 3 | **cling** | present | the older ones |  | Maori |  |  | among people | vn cling-22.5 «NP V PP.co-theme»: agent=Theme to maori=Co-Theme |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury, New Zealand» by James Cowan, Project Gutenberg book 73766 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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