---
title: He is of the Ngati-Irakehu _hapu_ of the Ngai-Tahu tribe, and he is… — Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury,… · tree and pragmatics
description: He is of the Ngati-Irakehu _hapu_ of the Ngai-Tahu tribe, and he is descended by several lines from Te Rangiwhakaputa and other of the warrior chiefs who wrested the Whanga-raupo and the Whanga-roa--Aka-roa is the modernised contraction--from the dusky men of Ngati-Mamoe. Who acts: Tikao, several li
---

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# Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury, New Zealand, Rapaki: a Village By the Sea., sentence 18

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He is of the Ngati-Irakehu \_hapu\_ of the Ngai-Tahu tribe, and he is descended by several lines from Te Rangiwhakaputa and other of the warrior chiefs who wrested the Whanga-raupo and the Whanga-roa--Aka-roa is the modernised contraction--from the dusky men of Ngati-Mamoe.

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**Who acts:** Tikao, several lines, warrior chiefs, Aka roa · **What happens:** be, descend, wrest, modernis · **To what, where:** Tikao, Whanga raupo, modernised contraction

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This is a sentence of «Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury, New Zealand» by James Cowan, Rapaki: a Village By the Sea.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Tikao, several lines, warrior chiefs, Aka roa), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg73766:12:18
# text = He is of the Ngati-Irakehu _hapu_ of the Ngai-Tahu tribe, and he is descended by several lines from Te Rangiwhakaputa and other of the warrior chiefs who wrested the Whanga-raupo and the Whanga-roa--Aka-roa is the modernised contraction--from the dusky men of Ngati-Mamoe.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	7	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
5	Ngati	Ngati	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	Irakehu	Irakehu	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
8	_	_	PUNCT	NFP	_	9	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	hapu	hapu	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	_	_	PUNCT	NFP	_	7	punct	_	_
11	of	of	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
13	Ngai	Ngai	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	15	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	13	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	Tahu	Tahu	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	16	compound	_	_
16	tribe	tribe	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	21	punct	_	_
18	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	21	cc	_	_
19	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	21	nsubj	_	_
20	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	21	aux:pass	_	_
21	descended	descend	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	7	acl	_	_
22	by	by	ADP	IN	_	24	case	_	_
23	several	several	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	24	amod	_	_
24	lines	line	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	21	obl	_	_
25	from	from	ADP	IN	_	26	case	_	_
26	Te	Te	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	24	nmod	_	_
27	Rangiwhakaputa	Rangiwhakaputa	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	26	flat	_	_
28	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	29	cc	_	_
29	other	other	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	26	conj	_	_
30	of	of	ADP	IN	_	33	case	_	_
31	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	33	det	_	_
32	warrior	warrior	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	33	amod	_	_
33	chiefs	chief	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	29	obl	_	_
34	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	35	nsubj	_	_
35	wrested	wrest	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	33	acl:relcl	_	_
36	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	39	det	_	_
37	Whanga	Whanga	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	39	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
38	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	37	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
39	raupo	raupo	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	35	obj	_	_
40	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	44	cc	_	_
41	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	44	det	_	_
42	Whanga	Whanga	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	44	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
43	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	42	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
44	roa	roa	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	39	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
45	--	--	PUNCT	,	_	52	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
46	Aka	Aka	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	48	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
47	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	46	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
48	roa	roa	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	52	nsubj	_	_
49	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	52	cop	_	_
50	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	52	det	_	_
51	modernised	modernis	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	52	amod	_	_
52	contraction	contraction	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	39	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
53	--	--	PUNCT	,	_	57	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
54	from	from	ADP	IN	_	57	case	_	_
55	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	57	det	_	_
56	dusky	dusky	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	57	amod	_	_
57	men	man	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	21	obl	_	_
58	of	of	ADP	IN	_	59	case	_	_
59	Ngati	Ngati	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	57	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
60	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	61	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
61	Mamoe	Mamoe	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	59	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
62	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | Tikao |  |  |  |  | of the Ngati Irakehu and hapu; hapu *conj*; the Tahu tribe *nmod* | tree rules |
| 2 | **descend** | present · passive | several lines from Te | Tikao |  |  |  | from the dusky men of Ngati and Mamoe | vn meander-47.7-1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location subject=Theme |
| 3 | **wrest** | past | the warrior chiefs | the Whanga raupo and the Whanga roa and the modernised contraction |  |  |  |  | vn steal-10.5 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent raupo=Theme |
| 4 | **modernis** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 5 | **is a** | present | Aka roa | the modernised contraction |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury, New Zealand» by James Cowan, Project Gutenberg book 73766 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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