---
title: From his parents and from Paora Taki, a picturesque old _rangatira_… — Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury,… · tree and pragmatics
description: From his parents and from Paora Taki, a picturesque old _rangatira_ who once was Native assessor at Rapaki, and kindred people of the generation that has gone, he learned the history and legends of these parts. Who acts: picturesque old rangatira, generation, Tikao. A sentence of «Maori folk-tales o
---

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# Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury, New Zealand, Rapaki: a Village By the Sea., sentence 19

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From his parents and from Paora Taki, a picturesque old \_rangatira\_ who once was Native assessor at Rapaki, and kindred people of the generation that has gone, he learned the history and legends of these parts.

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**Who acts:** picturesque old rangatira, generation, Tikao · **What happens:** be, assessor, go, learn · **To what, where:** Rapaki, history

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This is a sentence of «Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury, New Zealand» by James Cowan, Rapaki: a Village By the Sea.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (picturesque old rangatira, generation, Tikao), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg73766:12:19
# text = From his parents and from Paora Taki, a picturesque old _rangatira_ who once was Native assessor at Rapaki, and kindred people of the generation that has gone, he learned the history and legends of these parts.
1	From	from	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	3	nmod:poss	_	_
3	parents	parent	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	34	obl	_	_
4	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
5	from	from	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	Paora	Paora	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	_
7	Taki	Taki	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
10	picturesque	picturesque	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	_
11	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	_
12	_	_	PUNCT	NFP	_	11	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	rangatira	rangatira	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	_	_	PUNCT	NFP	_	13	punct	_	_
15	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	19	nsubj	_	_
16	once	once	ADV	RB	NumForm=Word|NumType=Mult	18	advmod	_	_
17	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	18	cop	_	_
18	Native	native	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	19	amod	_	_
19	assessor	assessor	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	conj	_	_
20	at	at	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
21	Rapaki	Rapaki	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	19	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	25	punct	_	_
23	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	25	cc	_	_
24	kindred	kindred	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	25	amod	_	_
25	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	appos	_	_
26	of	of	ADP	IN	_	28	case	_	_
27	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	28	det	_	_
28	generation	generation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	25	nmod	_	_
29	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	31	nsubj	_	_
30	has	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	31	aux	_	_
31	gone	go	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	28	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
32	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
33	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	34	nsubj	_	_
34	learned	learn	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
35	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	36	det	_	_
36	history	history	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	34	obj	_	_
37	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	38	cc	_	_
38	legends	legend	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	36	conj	_	_
39	of	of	ADP	IN	_	41	case	_	_
40	these	this	DET	DT	Number=Plur|PronType=Dem	41	det	_	_
41	parts	part	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	38	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
42	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	34	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past |  |  |  |  |  | native, once *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **assessor** |  | a picturesque old rangatira and Native assessor |  |  | Rapaki |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **go** | present · perfect | the generation |  |  |  |  |  | vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 4 | **learn** | past | Tikao | the history and legends of this parts |  |  |  | from Tikao's parents from Paora | vn learn-14-2-1 «NP V NP PP.source»: agent=Agent history=Topic from parent=Source |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury, New Zealand» by James Cowan, Project Gutenberg book 73766 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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