---
title: The old man tells us first how this village came to be named Rapaki-… — Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury,… · tree and pragmatics
description: The old man tells us first how this village came to be named Rapaki--not Raupaki, as it is erroneously spelled on the maps. Who acts: old man, village. A sentence of «Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury, New Zealand» by James Cowan, Rapaki: a Village By the Sea., with its dependency tree 
---

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# Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury, New Zealand, Rapaki: a Village By the Sea., sentence 20

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The old man tells us first how this village came to be named Rapaki--not Raupaki, as it is erroneously spelled on the maps.

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**Who acts:** old man, village · **What happens:** tell, come, name, spell · **To what, where:** us, village, maps · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury, New Zealand» by James Cowan, Rapaki: a Village By the Sea.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (old man, village), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg73766:12:20
# text = The old man tells us first how this village came to be named Rapaki--not Raupaki, as it is erroneously spelled on the maps.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	man	man	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	tells	tell	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	us	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	4	iobj	_	_
6	first	first	ADV	RB	NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord	4	advmod	_	_
7	how	how	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	10	advmod	_	_
8	this	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	9	det	_	_
9	village	village	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nsubj	_	_
10	came	come	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	ccomp	_	_
11	to	to	PART	TO	_	13	mark	_	_
12	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	13	aux:pass	_	_
13	named	name	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	10	advcl	_	_
14	Rapaki	Rapaki	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	13	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	--	--	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	17	advmod	_	_
17	Raupaki	Raupaki	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	14	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	23	punct	_	_
19	as	as	SCONJ	IN	_	23	mark	_	_
20	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	23	nsubj:pass	_	_
21	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	23	aux:pass	_	_
22	erroneously	erroneously	ADV	RB	_	23	advmod	_	_
23	spelled	spell	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	13	conj	_	_
24	on	on	ADP	IN	_	26	case	_	_
25	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	26	det	_	_
26	maps	map	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	23	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **tell** *speech: assert* | present | the old man |  | us |  |  | first *property* | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP what S»: agent=Agent we=Recipient clause=Topic |
| 2 | **come** | past | this village |  |  |  |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **name** | to-infinitive · passive | this village *not said here* |  |  |  |  | Rapaki and Raupaki *xcomp* | vn appoint-29.1 «NP V NP» |
| 4 | **spell** | present · passive |  | village |  | the maps |  | erroneously *property* | vn scribble-25.2 «NP V NP PP.destination»: subject=Theme on map=Destination |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury, New Zealand» by James Cowan, Project Gutenberg book 73766 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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