--- title: South Island; the first people were the Hawea, the second the Rapuwa… — Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury,… · tree and pragmatics description: South Island; the first people were the Hawea, the second the Rapuwai, the third the Waitaha and the fourth the Ngati-Mamoe, whom the Ngai-Tahu dispossessed, in their turn to be supplanted by the white-skins with their bags of gold sovereigns and their land-sale deeds. Who acts: South Island, Ngai T --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg73766/12/31/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [tales](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/) / [Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Ca…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg73766/) / [Rapaki: a Village By the Sea.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg73766/12/) / 31 # Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury, New Zealand, Rapaki: a Village By the Sea., sentence 31 South Island; the first people were the Hawea, the second the Rapuwai, the third the Waitaha and the fourth the Ngati-Mamoe, whom the Ngai-Tahu dispossessed, in their turn to be supplanted by the white-skins with their bags of gold sovereigns and their land-sale deeds. **Who acts:** South Island, Ngai Tahu, white skins · **What happens:** be, dispossess, supplant · **To what, where:** Hawea This is a sentence of «Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury, New Zealand» by James Cowan, Rapaki: a Village By the Sea.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (South Island, Ngai Tahu, white skins), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. **Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = book:pg73766:12:31 # text = South Island; the first people were the Hawea, the second the Rapuwai, the third the Waitaha and the fourth the Ngati-Mamoe, whom the Ngai-Tahu dispossessed, in their turn to be supplanted by the white-skins with their bags of gold sovereigns and their land-sale deeds. 1 South South PROPN NNP Number=Sing 2 compound _ _ 2 Island Island PROPN NNP Number=Sing 9 nsubj _ SpaceAfter=No 3 ; ; PUNCT : _ 9 punct _ _ 4 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 6 det _ _ 5 first first ADJ JJ Degree=Pos|NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord 6 amod _ _ 6 people people NOUN NNS Number=Plur 9 nsubj _ _ 7 were be AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 9 cop _ _ 8 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 9 det _ _ 9 Hawea Hawea PROPN NNP Number=Sing 0 root _ SpaceAfter=No 10 , , PUNCT , _ 14 punct _ _ 11 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 12 det _ _ 12 second second ADJ JJ Degree=Pos|NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord 14 amod _ _ 13 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 14 det _ _ 14 Rapuwai Rapuwai PROPN NNP Number=Sing 9 conj _ SpaceAfter=No 15 , , PUNCT , _ 19 punct _ _ 16 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 17 det _ _ 17 third third ADJ JJ Degree=Pos|NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord 19 amod _ _ 18 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 19 det _ _ 19 Waitaha Waitaha PROPN NNP Number=Sing 9 conj _ _ 20 and and CCONJ CC _ 22 cc _ _ 21 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 22 det _ _ 22 fourth fourth NOUN NN Number=Sing 19 conj _ _ 23 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 26 det _ _ 24 Ngati Ngati PROPN NNP Number=Sing 26 compound _ SpaceAfter=No 25 - - PUNCT HYPH _ 24 punct _ SpaceAfter=No 26 Mamoe Mamoe PROPN NNP Number=Sing 19 appos _ SpaceAfter=No 27 , , PUNCT , _ 33 punct _ _ 28 whom whom PRON WP PronType=Rel 33 obj _ _ 29 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 32 det _ _ 30 Ngai Ngai PROPN NNP Number=Sing 32 compound _ SpaceAfter=No 31 - - PUNCT HYPH _ 30 punct _ SpaceAfter=No 32 Tahu Tahu PROPN NNP Number=Sing 33 nsubj _ _ 33 dispossessed dispossess VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 9 acl:relcl _ SpaceAfter=No 34 , , PUNCT , _ 37 punct _ _ 35 in in ADP IN _ 37 case _ _ 36 their their PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 37 nmod:poss _ _ 37 turn turn NOUN NN Number=Sing 33 obj _ _ 38 to to PART TO _ 40 mark _ _ 39 be be AUX VB VerbForm=Inf 40 aux:pass _ _ 40 supplanted supplant VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 37 acl _ _ 41 by by ADP IN _ 45 case _ _ 42 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 45 det _ _ 43 white white ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 45 amod _ SpaceAfter=No 44 - - PUNCT HYPH _ 43 punct _ SpaceAfter=No 45 skins skin NOUN NNS Number=Plur 40 obl _ _ 46 with with ADP IN _ 48 case _ _ 47 their their PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 48 nmod:poss _ _ 48 bags bag NOUN NNS Number=Plur 45 nmod _ _ 49 of of ADP IN _ 51 case _ _ 50 gold gold NOUN NN Number=Sing 51 compound _ _ 51 sovereigns sovereign NOUN NNS Number=Plur 48 nmod _ _ 52 and and CCONJ CC _ 57 cc _ _ 53 their their PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 57 nmod:poss _ _ 54 land land NOUN NN Number=Sing 56 compound _ SpaceAfter=No 55 - - PUNCT HYPH _ 54 punct _ SpaceAfter=No 56 sale sale NOUN NN Number=Sing 57 compound _ _ 57 deeds deed NOUN NNS Number=Plur 51 conj _ SpaceAfter=No 58 . . PUNCT . _ 9 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **is a** | past | South Island | the Hawea and the second Rapuwai and the third Waitaha and the fourth | | | | the first people *nsubj*; the second Rapuwai *conj*; the third Waitaha and the fourth *conj* | tree rules | | 2 | **dispossess** | past | the Ngai Tahu | the Hawea and the second Rapuwai and the third Waitaha and the fourth | | | | people's turn *obj* | tree rules | | 3 | **supplant** | to-infinitive · passive | the white skins with people's bags of gold sovereigns and people's sale deeds | | | | | | vn substitute-13.6.2-1 «NP V PP.co-theme»: agent=Theme | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Text:** «Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury, New Zealand» by James Cowan, Project Gutenberg book 73766 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order. - ← previous: [sentence 30](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg73766/12/30/) - next →: [sentence 32](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg73766/12/32/) - ↑ back to [Rapaki: a Village By the Sea.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg73766/12/)