---
title: Down the bend into the hollow, where the ghost of a mountain stream… — Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury,… · tree and pragmatics
description: Down the bend into the hollow, where the ghost of a mountain stream goes tinkling through the little gully, and the towns that are so near seem a hundred miles away. Who acts: ghost. A sentence of «Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury, New Zealand» by James Cowan, Rapaki: a Village By the 
---

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# Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury, New Zealand, Rapaki: a Village By the Sea., sentence 54

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Down the bend into the hollow, where the ghost of a mountain stream goes tinkling through the little gully, and the towns that are so near seem a hundred miles away.

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**Who acts:** ghost · **What happens:** go, tinkle, be, ghost · **To what, where:** little gully, mountain stream

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This is a sentence of «Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury, New Zealand» by James Cowan, Rapaki: a Village By the Sea.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (ghost), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg73766:12:54
# text = Down the bend into the hollow, where the ghost of a mountain stream goes tinkling through the little gully, and the towns that are so near seem a hundred miles away.
1	Down	down	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	bend	bend	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	_
4	into	into	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	hollow	hollow	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
8	where	where	ADV	WRB	PronType=Rel	15	advmod	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	ghost	ghost	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	nsubj	_	_
11	of	of	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
12	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
13	mountain	mountain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	compound	_	_
14	stream	stream	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nmod	_	_
15	goes	go	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	conj	_	_
16	tinkling	tinkle	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	15	xcomp	_	_
17	through	through	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
18	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
19	little	little	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	20	amod	_	_
20	gully	gully	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	24	punct	_	_
22	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	24	cc	_	_
23	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	24	det	_	_
24	towns	town	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obl	_	_
25	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	29	obj	_	_
26	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	29	cop	_	_
27	so	so	ADV	RB	_	29	advmod	_	_
28	near	near	ADV	RB	_	29	advmod	_	_
29	seem	seem	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	24	acl:relcl	_	_
30	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	31	det	_	_
31	hundred	hundred	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	32	nummod	_	_
32	miles	mile	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	33	obl:unmarked	_	_
33	away	away	ADV	RB	_	29	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
34	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **go** | present | the ghost of a mountain stream |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7 «NP V S-Quote»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **tinkle** | gerund | the ghost of a mountain stream *not said here* |  |  | the little gully |  |  | vn sound\_emission-43.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme through gully=Location |
| 3 | **is** | present |  |  |  |  |  | the towns *obj*; away, near, seem *property* | tree rules |
| 5 | **ghost** |  |  | a mountain stream |  |  |  |  | nom ghost «cognition transitive»: of=patient |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury, New Zealand» by James Cowan, Project Gutenberg book 73766 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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