---
title: It looks what it is, the mountain guardian of Rapaki; its presence,… — Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury,… · tree and pragmatics
description: It looks what it is, the mountain guardian of Rapaki; its presence, grimly grand on dark lowering days when the mists trail about it and give it added height and dourness, is no less overpowering in the night, when it leans over the deep-cut valley of dreams, a huge rugged blade of blackness etched 
---

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# Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury, New Zealand, Rapaki: a Village By the Sea., sentence 59

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It looks what it is, the mountain guardian of Rapaki; its presence, grimly grand on dark lowering days when the mists trail about it and give it added height and dourness, is no less overpowering in the night, when it leans over the deep-cut valley of dreams, a huge rugged blade of blackness etched against the sky.

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**Who acts:** apex, mists · **What happens:** look, be, trail, give, add, overpower · **To what, where:** presence, height, cut valley, huge rugged blade, sky

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This is a sentence of «Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury, New Zealand» by James Cowan, Rapaki: a Village By the Sea.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (apex, mists), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg73766:12:59
# text = It looks what it is, the mountain guardian of Rapaki; its presence, grimly grand on dark lowering days when the mists trail about it and give it added height and dourness, is no less overpowering in the night, when it leans over the deep-cut valley of dreams, a huge rugged blade of blackness etched against the sky.
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	looks	look	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	what	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	2	conj	_	_
4	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
5	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	mountain	mountain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	compound	_	_
9	guardian	guardian	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	appos	_	_
10	of	of	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	Rapaki	Rapaki	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	14	punct	_	_
13	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	14	nmod:poss	_	_
14	presence	presence	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
16	grimly	grimly	ADV	RB	_	17	advmod	_	_
17	grand	grand	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	amod	_	_
18	on	on	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
19	dark	dark	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	21	amod	_	_
20	lowering	lowering	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	compound	_	_
21	days	day	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	17	obl	_	_
22	when	when	SCONJ	WRB	_	25	mark	_	_
23	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	24	det	_	_
24	mists	mist	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	25	nsubj	_	_
25	trail	trail	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	17	advcl	_	_
26	about	about	ADP	IN	_	27	case	_	_
27	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	25	obl	_	_
28	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	29	cc	_	_
29	give	give	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	25	conj	_	_
30	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	31	nsubj	_	_
31	added	add	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	29	ccomp	_	_
32	height	height	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	31	obj	_	_
33	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	34	cc	_	_
34	dourness	dourness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	32	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
35	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	39	punct	_	_
36	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	39	aux	_	_
37	no	no	ADV	RB	_	38	advmod	_	_
38	less	less	ADV	RBR	Degree=Cmp	39	advmod	_	_
39	overpowering	overpower	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	2	conj	_	_
40	in	in	ADP	IN	_	42	case	_	_
41	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	42	det	_	_
42	night	night	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	39	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
43	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	46	punct	_	_
44	when	when	SCONJ	WRB	_	46	mark	_	_
45	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	46	nsubj	_	_
46	leans	lean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	39	conj	_	_
47	over	over	ADP	IN	_	52	case	_	_
48	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	52	det	_	_
49	deep	deep	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	51	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
50	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	49	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
51	cut	cut	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	52	amod	_	_
52	valley	valley	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	46	obl	_	_
53	of	of	ADP	IN	_	54	case	_	_
54	dreams	dream	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	52	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
55	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	59	punct	_	_
56	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	59	det	_	_
57	huge	huge	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	59	amod	_	_
58	rugged	rugged	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	59	amod	_	_
59	blade	blade	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	52	conj	_	_
60	of	of	ADP	IN	_	61	case	_	_
61	blackness	blackness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	59	nmod	_	_
62	etched	etch	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	59	acl	_	_
63	against	against	ADP	IN	_	65	case	_	_
64	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	65	det	_	_
65	sky	sky	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	62	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
66	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **look** | present | apex | apex's presence |  |  |  |  | vn stimulus\_subject-30.4 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Stimulus |
| 2 | **is a** | present | apex |  |  |  |  | the mountain guardian of Rapaki *appos* | tree rules |
| 3 | **trail** | present | the mists |  |  |  |  | about apex | vn chase-51.6 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent about it=Trajectory |
| 4 | **give** | infinitive | the mists *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 5 | **add** *speech: assert* | past | apex | height and dourness |  |  |  |  | vn mix-22.1-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent height=Patient |
| 6 | **overpower** | present · progressive | apex *not said here* |  |  |  | night | less *property* | tree rules |
| 7 | **lean** | present | apex |  |  | the cut valley of dreams and a huge rugged blade of blackness |  |  | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent over valley=Location |
| 8 | **cut** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer |
| 9 | **etch** | participle |  | a huge rugged blade of blackness *not said here* |  | the sky |  |  | vn image\_impression-25.1 «NP V NP.theme PP.destination»: agent=Agent against sky=Destination |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury, New Zealand» by James Cowan, Project Gutenberg book 73766 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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